Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain.
Nutrients. 2023 Jul 20;15(14):3224. doi: 10.3390/nu15143224.
Diet is a modifiable factor in bone and muscle health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is rich in nutrients and contains key bioactive components with probable protective effects on muscle and bone deterioration. Osteoporosis (OP) and sarcopenia are diseases that increase frailty and susceptibility to fracture, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to combat them in the population. In this regard, MedDiet adherence has proven to be beneficial to bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass, physical function, OP and sarcopenia. Hence, this diet is proposed as a therapeutic tool that could slow the onset of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, there is doubt about the interaction between the MedDiet, strength and fracture risk. Perhaps the amount of EVOO (extra virgin olive oil), fruits, vegetables and fish rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients ingested has an influence, though the results remain controversial.
饮食是骨骼和肌肉健康的可调节因素。地中海饮食（MedDiet）富含营养物质，含有可能对肌肉和骨骼恶化具有保护作用的关键生物活性成分。骨质疏松症（OP）和肌肉减少症是会增加虚弱和骨折易感性、发病率和死亡率的疾病。因此，有必要在人群中对抗这些疾病。在这方面，地中海饮食的遵守已被证明对骨矿物质密度（BMD）、肌肉质量、身体功能、OP 和肌肉减少症有益。因此，这种饮食被提议作为一种治疗工具，可以减缓骨质疏松症和肌肉减少症的发生。然而，地中海饮食、力量和骨折风险之间的相互作用仍存在疑问。也许摄入富含抗炎和抗氧化营养物质的特级初榨橄榄油（extra virgin olive oil）、水果、蔬菜和鱼类的量有影响，但结果仍存在争议。
