Jauregui Catherine, Yoganarasimha Suyog, Madurantakam Parthasarathy
Philips Institute, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2018 Jan 23;5(1):8. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering5010008.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting almost half of the adult US population. Gingiva is an integral part of the periodontium and has recently been identified as a source of adult gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). Given the prevalence of periodontitis, the purpose of this study is to evaluate differences between GMSCs derived from healthy and diseased gingival tissues and explore their potential in bone engineering. Primary clonal cell lines were established from harvested healthy and diseased gingival and characterized for expression of known stem-cell markers and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Finally, they were cultured on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds and evaluated for attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Flow cytometry demonstrated cells isolated from healthy and diseased gingiva met the criteria defining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, GMSCs from diseased tissue showed decreased colony-forming unit efficiency, decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, weaker osteoblast mineralization, and greater propensity to differentiate into adipocytes than their healthy counterparts. When cultured on electrospun PCL scaffolds, GMSCs from both sources showed robust attachment and proliferation over a 7-day period; they exhibited high mineralization as well as strong expression of alkaline phosphatase. Our results show preservation of 'stemness' and osteogenic potential of GMSC even in the presence of disease, opening up the possibility of using routinely discarded, diseased gingival tissue as an alternate source of adult MSCs.
牙周炎是一种慢性炎症性疾病，影响着近一半的美国成年人口。牙龈是牙周组织的一个组成部分，最近被确定为成人牙龈来源的间充质干细胞（GMSC）的来源。鉴于牙周炎的患病率，本研究的目的是评估健康和患病牙龈组织来源的GMSC之间的差异，并探索它们在骨工程中的潜力。从收获的健康和患病牙龈中建立原代克隆细胞系，并对已知干细胞标志物的表达和多向分化潜能进行表征。最后，将它们培养在电纺聚己内酯（PCL）支架上，并评估其附着、增殖和分化情况。流式细胞术表明，从健康和患病牙龈中分离出的细胞符合定义间充质干细胞（MSC）的标准。然而，患病组织来源的GMSC显示出集落形成单位效率降低、碱性磷酸酶活性降低、成骨细胞矿化较弱，并且与健康对应物相比，分化为脂肪细胞的倾向更大。当在电纺PCL支架上培养时，两种来源的GMSC在7天内均表现出强大的附着和增殖能力；它们表现出高矿化以及碱性磷酸酶的强表达。我们的结果表明，即使在存在疾病的情况下，GMSC的“干性”和成骨潜力仍然得以保留，这为将常规丢弃的患病牙龈组织用作成人MSC的替代来源开辟了可能性。
