Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Hull, Brocklehurst Building, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2RW, UK.
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, LICAMM, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Toxins (Basel). 2018 Jan 23;10(2):50. doi: 10.3390/toxins10020050.
Deoxynivalenol (DON), the mycotoxin produced mainly by and found in contaminated cereal-based foodstuff, has been consistently detected in body fluids in adults. Available data in children and adolescents are scarce. This study assessed urinary DON concentrations in children aged 3-9 years ( = 40) and adolescents aged 10-17 years ( = 39) in the UK. Morning urine samples were collected over two consecutive days and analysed for free DON (un-metabolised form), DON-glucuronides (DON-GlcA), deepoxy deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), and total DON (sum of free DON, DON-GlcA, and DOM-1). Total DON was detected in the urine of >95% of children and adolescents on both days. Mean total DON concentrations (ng/mg creatinine) were 41.6 and 21.0 for children and adolescents, respectively. The greatest total DON levels were obtained in female children on both days (214 and 219 ng/mg creatinine on days 1 and 2, respectively). Free DON and DON-GlcA were detected in most urine specimens, whereas DOM-1 was not present in any sample. Estimation of dietary DON exposure suggested that 33-63% of children and 5-46% of adolescents exceeded current guidance regarding the maximum provisional tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) for DON. Although moderate mean urinary DON concentrations were shown, the high detection frequency of urinary DON, the maximum biomarker concentrations, and estimated dietary DON exposure are concerning.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是主要由 产生的真菌毒素，存在于受污染的谷物类食物中，已在成人的体液中持续检测到。儿童和青少年的数据有限。本研究评估了英国 3-9 岁儿童（n=40）和 10-17 岁青少年（n=39）尿液中的 DON 浓度。连续两天采集早晨尿液样本，并分析游离 DON（未代谢形式）、DON-葡糖苷酸（DON-GlcA）、去氧脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DOM-1）和总 DON（游离 DON、DON-GlcA 和 DOM-1 之和）。在两天的时间里，95%以上的儿童和青少年尿液中都检测到了总 DON。儿童和青少年的平均总 DON 浓度（ng/mg 肌酐）分别为 41.6 和 21.0。两天中，女性儿童的总 DON 水平最高（第 1 天和第 2 天分别为 214 和 219 ng/mg 肌酐）。游离 DON 和 DON-GlcA 在大多数尿液样本中均有检出，而 DOM-1 在任何样本中均未检出。对 DON 膳食暴露的估计表明，33-63%的儿童和 5-46%的青少年超过了目前 DON 最大暂定每日耐受摄入量（PMTDI）的指导值。尽管平均尿液 DON 浓度适中，但高检出频率的尿液 DON、最大生物标志物浓度和估计的膳食 DON 暴露令人担忧。
