Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Parasit Vectors. 2018 Jan 23;11(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2617-y.
Every year, millions of people are burdened with malaria. An estimated 429,000 casualties were reported in 2015, with the majority made up of children under five years old. Early and accurate diagnosis of malaria is of paramount importance to ensure appropriate administration of treatment. This minimizes the risk of parasite resistance development, reduces drug wastage and unnecessary adverse reaction to antimalarial drugs. Malaria diagnostic tools have expanded beyond the conventional microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood films. Contemporary and innovative techniques have emerged, mainly the rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and other molecular diagnostic methods such as PCR, qPCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Even microscopic diagnosis has gone through a paradigm shift with the development of new techniques such as the quantitative buffy coat (QBC) method and the Partec rapid malaria test. This review explores the different diagnostic tools available for childhood malaria, each with their characteristic strengths and limitations. These tools play an important role in making an accurate malaria diagnosis to ensure that the use of anti-malaria are rationalized and that presumptive diagnosis would only be a thing of the past.
每年都有数百万的人遭受疟疾的困扰。据估计，2015 年有 42.9 万人因此伤亡，其中大部分是五岁以下的儿童。早期和准确的疟疾诊断对于确保适当的治疗至关重要。这最大限度地降低了寄生虫耐药性发展的风险，减少了药物浪费和不必要的抗疟药物不良反应。疟疾诊断工具已经超越了传统的吉姆萨染色血片显微镜检查。当代和创新技术已经出现，主要是快速诊断测试（RDT）和其他分子诊断方法，如 PCR、qPCR 和环介导等温扩增（LAMP）。即使是显微镜诊断也经历了一个范式转变，新的技术如定量血膜（QBC）方法和 Partec 快速疟疾测试已经出现。这篇综述探讨了用于儿童疟疾的不同诊断工具，每种工具都有其特点和局限性。这些工具在进行准确的疟疾诊断中起着重要的作用，以确保抗疟药物的使用合理化，并且推测性诊断将成为过去。
