1College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China.
3Shenzhen Agro-Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd,Shenzhen 518023,China.
Animal. 2018 Oct;12(10):2056-2064. doi: 10.1017/S1751731118000058. Epub 2018 Jan 24.
Fermented soybean meal (FSM), which has lower anti-nutritional factors and higher active enzyme, probiotic and oligosaccharide contents than its unfermented form, has been reported to improve the feeding value of soybean meal, and hence, the growth performance of piglets. However, whether FSM can affect the bacterial and metabolites in the large intestine of piglets remains unknown. This study supplemented wet-FSM (WFSM) or dry-FSM (DFSM) (5% dry matter basis) in the diet of piglets and investigated its effects on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the piglets' large intestines. A total of 75 41-day-old Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire piglets with an initial BW of 13.14±0.22 kg were used in a 4-week feeding trial. Our results showed that the average daily gain of piglets in the WFSM and DFSM groups increased by 27.08% and 14.58% and that the feed conversion ratio improved by 18.18% and 7.27%, respectively, compared with the control group. Data from the prediction gene function of Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing showed that carbohydrate metabolism function families in the WFSM and DFSM groups increased by 3.46% and 2.68% and that the amino acid metabolism function families decreased by 1.74% and 0.82%, respectively, compared with the control group. These results were consistent with those of other metabolism studies, which showed that dietary supplementation with WFSM and DFSM increased the level of carbohydrate-related metabolites (e.g. 4-aminobutanoate, 5-aminopentanoate, lactic acid, mannitol, threitol and β-alanine) and decreased the levels of those related to protein catabolism (e.g. 1,3-diaminopropane, creatine, glycine and inosine). In conclusion, supplementation with the two forms of FSM improved growth performance, increased metabolites of carbohydrate and reduced metabolites of protein in the large intestine of piglets, and WFSM exhibited a stronger effect than DFSM.
发酵豆粕（FSM）的抗营养因子和活性酶含量低于未发酵形式，益生菌和低聚糖含量高于未发酵形式，据报道可提高豆粕的营养价值，从而提高仔猪的生长性能。然而，FSM 是否会影响仔猪大肠中的细菌和代谢物尚不清楚。本研究在仔猪日粮中添加湿发酵豆粕（WFSM）或干发酵豆粕（DFSM）（以干物质基础计 5%），并研究其对仔猪大肠中碳氮代谢的影响。共使用 75 头 41 日龄、初始体重为 13.14±0.22kg 的杜洛克×长白×约克夏仔猪进行为期 4 周的饲养试验。结果表明，与对照组相比，WFSM 和 DFSM 组仔猪的平均日增重分别提高了 27.08%和 14.58%，饲料转化率分别提高了 18.18%和 7.27%。基于 16S 核糖体 RNA（rRNA）测序的群落构建不可观测状态重建的系统发育分析（PICRUSt）预测基因功能数据表明，WFSM 和 DFSM 组的碳水化合物代谢功能家族分别增加了 3.46%和 2.68%，而氨基酸代谢功能家族分别减少了 1.74%和 0.82%。这些结果与其他代谢研究一致，表明日粮中添加 WFSM 和 DFSM 增加了与碳水化合物相关的代谢物（如 4-氨基丁酸、5-氨基戊酸、乳酸、甘露醇、苏糖醇和β-丙氨酸）的水平，并降低了与蛋白质分解代谢相关的代谢物（如 1,3-二氨基丙烷、肌酸、甘氨酸和肌苷）的水平。总之，两种形式的 FSM 补充均提高了仔猪的生长性能，增加了大肠中碳水化合物的代谢物，减少了蛋白质的代谢物，其中 WFSM 的效果强于 DFSM。
