Tan Jonathan K H, Watanabe Takeshi
1Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229 Australia.
2Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan.
NPJ Regen Med. 2018 Jan 16;3:1. doi: 10.1038/s41536-018-0039-2. eCollection 2018.
The spleen is an organ that filters the blood and is responsible for generating blood-borne immune responses. It is also an organ with a remarkable capacity to regenerate. Techniques for splenic auto-transplantation have emerged to take advantage of this characteristic and rebuild spleen tissue in individuals undergoing splenectomy. While this procedure has been performed for decades, the underlying mechanisms controlling spleen regeneration have remained elusive. Insights into secondary lymphoid organogenesis and the roles of stromal organiser cells and lymphotoxin signalling in lymph node development have helped reveal similar requirements for spleen regeneration. These factors are now considered in the regulation of embryonic and postnatal spleen formation, and in the establishment of mature white pulp and marginal zone compartments which are essential for spleen-mediated immunity. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms which control spleen development will assist in the design of more precise and efficient tissue grafting methods for spleen regeneration on demand. Regeneration of organs which harbour functional white pulp tissue will also offer novel opportunities for effective immunotherapy against cancer as well as infectious diseases.
脾脏是一个过滤血液并负责产生血源性免疫反应的器官。它也是一个具有显著再生能力的器官。脾自体移植技术已经出现，以利用这一特性并在接受脾切除术的个体中重建脾组织。虽然这个手术已经进行了几十年，但控制脾脏再生的潜在机制仍然难以捉摸。对二级淋巴器官发生以及基质组织者细胞和淋巴毒素信号在淋巴结发育中的作用的深入了解，有助于揭示脾脏再生的类似需求。现在，这些因素被认为在胚胎期和出生后脾脏形成的调节中，以及在建立对脾脏介导的免疫至关重要的成熟白髓和边缘区隔室中发挥作用。对控制脾脏发育的细胞和分子机制有更深入的了解，将有助于设计出更精确、更有效的按需进行脾脏再生的组织移植方法。含有功能性白髓组织的器官再生也将为针对癌症和传染病的有效免疫治疗提供新的机会。
