Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hiroshima University.
Department of Education, University of Yamanashi.
Dev Psychol. 2018 May;54(5):989-998. doi: 10.1037/dev0000471. Epub 2018 Jan 25.
The universality of secure base construct, which suggests that one's use of an attachment figure as a secure base from which to explore the environment is an evolutionary outcome, is one of the core ideas of attachment theory. However, this universality idea has been critiqued because exploration is not as valued in Japanese culture as it is in Western cultures. Waters and Waters (2006) hypothesized that one's experiences of secure base behaviors are stored as a script in memory, and developed a narrative assessment called the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA) to evaluate one's secure base script. This study examined the validity of the ASA and the utility of secure base concept in Japanese culture. A sample of Japanese young adults (N = 89; M = 23.46; SD = 3.20; 57% = females) completed both the ASA and self-report questionnaires. The results revealed that the ASA score was associated with two dimensions of self-report questionnaires assessing parent-youth attachment relationships (trust and communication). The ASA score was not related to Japanese cultural values (amae acceptance, interdependent self-construal, and low independent self-construal). However, a low ASA score was related to a psychological dysfunction in the Japanese cultural context; hikikomori symptoms, which are defined as a desire to remain in his or her own room and his or her understanding of this behavior in other people. We concluded that since hikikomori can be interpreted as an extreme inhibition of exploration, the association between low secure base script and hikikomori symptoms suggests the utility of secure base construct in Japan. (PsycINFO Database Record
安全基地结构的普遍性，即一个人将依恋对象用作探索环境的安全基地，是依恋理论的核心思想之一。然而，这种普遍性的观点受到了批评，因为探索在日本文化中并不像在西方文化中那样受到重视。沃特斯和沃特斯（2006 年）假设，一个人对安全基地行为的体验被存储为记忆中的一个脚本，并开发了一种名为依恋脚本评估（ASA）的叙述评估方法来评估一个人的安全基地脚本。本研究检验了 ASA 的有效性以及安全基地概念在日本文化中的实用性。一组日本年轻成年人（N=89；M=23.46；SD=3.20；57%=女性）完成了 ASA 和自我报告问卷。结果表明，ASA 得分与两个评估父母与子女依恋关系的自我报告问卷维度（信任和沟通）有关。ASA 得分与日本文化价值观（amae 接受、相互依存的自我概念和低独立的自我概念）无关。然而，ASA 得分低与日本文化背景下的心理功能障碍有关；蛰居者症状，即一个人想留在自己的房间里，以及他或她对其他人这种行为的理解。我们的结论是，由于蛰居者可以被解释为探索的极端抑制，低安全基地脚本与蛰居者症状之间的关联表明了安全基地结构在日本的实用性。
