Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island.
Department of Social Psychology, University of Houston.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2018 Mar;32(2):149-161. doi: 10.1037/adb0000342. Epub 2018 Jan 25.
Twenty-first birthdays are associated with extreme levels of heavy drinking and alcohol-related harm. Effective preventive interventions that are acceptable to young adults are needed. The current study tested the efficacy of a brief text-message intervention for reducing 21st birthday alcohol involvement designed to correct perceived 21st birthday drinking norms and provide protective behavioral strategies (PBS). We also examined potential moderators and mediators. College students (n = 200) with an upcoming 21st birthday completed a baseline assessment and were randomized to a text-message intervention or an assessment-only control condition. For participants in the intervention group, Message 1 (sent one day before the birthday celebration) focused on personalized normative feedback, and Message 2 (sent day of the birthday celebration) discussed PBS to minimize risk. Primary outcomes were assessed using responses to a follow-up assessment the day after their birthday celebration (93% completion rate). Zero-inflated negative binomial regression analyses did not reveal an overall intervention effect for estimated Blood Alcohol Content (eBAC) or alcohol problems on the 21st birthday celebration. In partial support of our hypothesis, there was an indirect effect of perceived 21st birthday norms on 21st birthday eBAC. The intervention was associated with reduced perceived norms, which was, in turn, related to a lower eBAC. There was a 3-way interaction between drinks per week, anticipated eBAC, and intervention condition for the count portion of actual eBAC such that the intervention reduced eBAC among a high-risk subset of the sample. Future research may benefit from further refining the personalized normative feedback (PNF) component of 21st birthday interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record
二十一岁生日与极度酗酒和与酒精相关的伤害有关。需要针对年轻人的有效预防干预措施。目前的研究测试了一种简短的短信干预措施减少 21 岁生日饮酒的效果，该干预措施旨在纠正感知到的 21 岁生日饮酒规范并提供保护性行为策略（PBS）。我们还研究了潜在的调节因素和中介因素。即将庆祝 21 岁生日的大学生（n = 200）完成了基线评估，并被随机分配到短信干预组或仅评估对照组。对于干预组的参与者，消息 1（在生日庆祝前一天发送）侧重于个性化规范反馈，消息 2（在生日庆祝当天发送）讨论了 PBS 以最小化风险。主要结果通过在生日庆祝后的第二天进行的后续评估来评估（完成率为 93%）。零膨胀负二项式回归分析未显示干预对估计血液酒精含量（eBAC）或 21 岁生日庆祝活动中酒精问题的总体效果。部分支持我们的假设，感知 21 岁生日规范对 21 岁生日 eBAC 有间接影响。干预措施与感知规范的降低有关，而感知规范的降低又与 eBAC 降低有关。在每周饮酒量、预期 eBAC 和干预条件之间存在三向交互作用，实际 eBAC 的计数部分，即干预措施降低了该样本中高风险亚组的 eBAC。未来的研究可能受益于进一步改进 21 岁生日干预措施的个性化规范反馈（PNF）部分。
