Chua Brendon Y, Sekiya Toshiki, Jackson David C
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia .
2 Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan .
Viral Immunol. 2018 Mar;31(2):150-158. doi: 10.1089/vim.2017.0146. Epub 2018 Jan 25.
Empirically derived vaccines have in the past relied on the isolation and growth of disease-causing microorganisms that are then inactivated or attenuated before being administered. This is often done without prior knowledge of the mechanisms involved in conferring protective immunity. Recent advances in scientific technologies and in our knowledge of how protective immune responses are induced enable us to rationally design novel and safer vaccination strategies. Such advances have accelerated the development of inactivated whole-organism- and subunit-based vaccines. In this review, we discuss ideal attributes and criteria that need to be considered for the development of vaccines and some existing vaccine platforms. We focus on inactivated vaccines against influenza virus and ways by which vaccine efficacy can be improved with the use of adjuvants and Toll-like receptor-2 signaling.
过去，凭经验研制的疫苗依赖于致病微生物的分离和培养，然后在接种前将其灭活或减毒。这一过程通常在对赋予保护性免疫的机制缺乏先验知识的情况下进行。科学技术的最新进展以及我们对保护性免疫反应诱导方式的了解，使我们能够合理设计新颖且更安全的疫苗接种策略。这些进展加速了基于灭活全生物体和亚单位的疫苗的开发。在本综述中，我们讨论了疫苗开发需要考虑的理想特性和标准以及一些现有的疫苗平台。我们重点关注针对流感病毒的灭活疫苗，以及通过使用佐剂和Toll样受体2信号传导提高疫苗效力的方法。
