Baumgaertner Bert, Carlisle Juliet E, Justwan Florian
Department of Politics and Philosophy, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2018 Jan 25;13(1):e0191728. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191728. eCollection 2018.
In light of the increasing refusal of some parents to vaccinate children, public health strategies have focused on increasing knowledge and awareness based on a "knowledge-deficit" approach. However, decisions about vaccination are based on more than mere knowledge of risks, costs, and benefits. Individual decision making about vaccinating involves many other factors including those related to emotion, culture, religion, and socio-political context. In this paper, we use a nationally representative internet survey in the U.S. to investigate socio-political characteristics to assess attitudes about vaccination. In particular, we consider how political ideology and trust affect opinions about vaccinations for flu, pertussis, and measles. Our findings demonstrate that ideology has a direct effect on vaccine attitudes. In particular, conservative respondents are less likely to express pro-vaccination beliefs than other individuals. Furthermore, ideology also has an indirect effect on immunization propensity. The ideology variable predicts an indicator capturing trust in government medical experts, which in turn helps to explain individual-level variation with regards to attitudes about vaccine choice.
鉴于一些家长越来越拒绝给孩子接种疫苗，公共卫生策略基于“知识缺陷”方法，侧重于增加知识和提高认识。然而，关于疫苗接种的决定不仅仅基于对风险、成本和益处的了解。关于疫苗接种的个人决策涉及许多其他因素，包括与情感、文化、宗教和社会政治背景相关的因素。在本文中，我们使用美国一项具有全国代表性的互联网调查来研究社会政治特征，以评估对疫苗接种的态度。特别是，我们考虑政治意识形态和信任如何影响对流感、百日咳和麻疹疫苗接种的看法。我们的研究结果表明，意识形态对疫苗态度有直接影响。特别是，保守派受访者比其他个体更不可能表达支持疫苗接种的信念。此外，意识形态对免疫倾向也有间接影响。意识形态变量预测了一个反映对政府医学专家信任的指标，这反过来有助于解释个体层面在疫苗选择态度方面的差异。
