Lang Andreja, Ovsenik Maja, Verdenik Ivan, Remškar Maja, Oblak Čedomir
a Faculty of Medicine , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.
b Department of Orthodontics and Jaw Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2018 May;15(5):441-447. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2018.1432864.
During material treatment in dentistry particles of different size are released in the air. To examine the degree of particle exposure, air scanning to dental employees was performed by the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. The size, shape and chemical composition of particles collected with a low-pressure impactor were determined by scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray dispersive analysis. The average concentrations of nanoparticles during working periods in a clean dental laboratory (45,000-56,000 particles/cm), in an unclean dental laboratory (28,000-74,000 particles/cm), and in a dental office (21,000-50,000 particles/cm), were significantly higher compared to average concentrations during nonworking periods in the clean dental laboratory (11,000-24,000 particles/cm), unclean laboratory (14,000-40,000 particles/cm), and dental office (13,000-26,000 particles/cm). Peak concentration of nanoparticles in work-intensive periods were found significantly higher (up to 773,000 particles/cm), compared to the non-working periods (147,000 particles/cm) and work-less intensive periods (365,000 particles/cm). The highest mass concentration value ranged from 0.055-0.166 mg/m. X-ray dispersive analysis confirmed the presence of carbon, potassium, oxygen, iron, aluminum, zinc, silicon, and phosphorus as integral elements of dental restorative materials in form of nanoparticle clusters, all smaller than 100 nm. We concluded that dental employees are exposed to nanoparticles in their working environment and are therefore potentially at risk for certain respiratory and systematic diseases.
在牙科材料治疗过程中，不同大小的颗粒会释放到空气中。为了检测颗粒暴露程度，使用扫描迁移率粒径分析仪对牙科工作人员进行了空气扫描。用低压冲击器收集的颗粒的大小、形状和化学成分通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线色散分析来确定。清洁牙科实验室工作期间纳米颗粒的平均浓度（45,000 - 56,000个颗粒/立方厘米）、不清洁牙科实验室工作期间纳米颗粒的平均浓度（28,000 - 74,000个颗粒/立方厘米）以及牙科诊所工作期间纳米颗粒的平均浓度（21,000 - 50,000个颗粒/立方厘米），与清洁牙科实验室非工作期间（11,000 - 24,000个颗粒/立方厘米）、不清洁实验室非工作期间（14,000 - 40,000个颗粒/立方厘米）以及牙科诊所非工作期间（13,000 - 26,000个颗粒/立方厘米）的平均浓度相比，显著更高。工作强度大的时间段内纳米颗粒的峰值浓度被发现显著更高（高达773,000个颗粒/立方厘米），相比之下非工作时间段（147,000个颗粒/立方厘米）和工作强度较小的时间段（365,000个颗粒/立方厘米）。最高质量浓度值在0.055 - 0.166毫克/立方米范围内。X射线色散分析证实，碳、钾、氧、铁、铝、锌、硅和磷作为牙科修复材料的组成元素以纳米颗粒簇的形式存在，所有颗粒簇均小于100纳米。我们得出结论，牙科工作人员在其工作环境中会接触到纳米颗粒，因此可能面临某些呼吸道和全身性疾病的风险。
