Pelclova Daniela, Bradna Pavel, Lischkova Lucie, Zdimal Vladimir, Maskova Ludmila, Klusackova Pavlina, Kolesnikova Viktoriia, Ondracek Jakub, Schwarz Jaroslav, Pohanka Miroslav, Navratil Tomas, Vlckova Stepanka, Fenclova Zdenka, Duskova Jana, Rossnerova Andrea, Roubickova Adela
Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
Int Dent J. 2025 Feb;75(1):305-313. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.007. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
To evaluate the effect of short-term inhalational exposure to nanoparticles released during dental composite grinding on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity markers.
Twenty-four healthy volunteers were examined before and after exposure in dental workshop. They spent 76.8 ± 0.7 min in the testing room during grinding of dental nanocomposites. The individual exposure to aerosol particles in each participant´s breathing zones was monitored using a personal nanoparticle sampler (PENS). Exhaled breath condensate (EBC), blood, and urine samples were collected pre- and post-exposure to measure one oxidative stress marker, i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and two biomarkers of antioxidant capacity, i.e., ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) by spectrophotometry. Spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were used to evaluate the effect of acute inhalational exposure.
Mean mass of dental nanocomposite ground away was 0.88 ± 0.32 g. Average individual doses of respirable particles and nanoparticles measured by PENS were 380 ± 150 and 3.3 ± 1.3 μg, respectively. No significant increase of the post-exposure oxidative stress marker TBARS in EBC and plasma was seen. No decrease in antioxidant capacity biomarkers FRAP and GSH in EBC post-exposure was seen, either. Post-exposure, conjunctival hyperemia was seen in 62.5% volunteers; however, no impairment in spirometry or FeNO results was observed. No correlation of any biomarker measured with individual exposure was found, however, several correlations with interfering factors (age, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and environmental pollution parameters) were seen.
This study, using oxidative stress biomarker and antioxidant capacity biomarkers in biological fluids of volunteers during the grinding of dental nanocomposites did not prove a negative effect of this intense short-term exposure. However, further studies are needed to evaluate oxidative stress in long-term exposure of both stomatologists and patients and diverse populations with varying health statuses.
评估牙科复合树脂研磨过程中释放的纳米颗粒短期吸入暴露对氧化应激和抗氧化能力标志物的影响。
24名健康志愿者在牙科车间暴露前后接受检查。在牙科纳米复合材料研磨期间，他们在测试室中待了76.8±0.7分钟。使用个人纳米颗粒采样器（PENS）监测每个参与者呼吸区域内气溶胶颗粒的个体暴露情况。在暴露前后采集呼出气冷凝物（EBC）、血液和尿液样本，通过分光光度法测量一种氧化应激标志物，即硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（TBARS），以及两种抗氧化能力生物标志物，即铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）。使用肺活量测定法和呼出气一氧化氮分数（FeNO）评估急性吸入暴露的影响。
研磨掉的牙科纳米复合材料平均质量为0.88±0.32克。PENS测量的可吸入颗粒和纳米颗粒的平均个体剂量分别为380±150和3.3±1.3微克。未观察到暴露后EBC和血浆中氧化应激标志物TBARS有显著增加。暴露后EBC中抗氧化能力生物标志物FRAP和GSH也未见降低。暴露后，62.5%的志愿者出现结膜充血；然而，未观察到肺活量测定或FeNO结果有损害。未发现所测量的任何生物标志物与个体暴露之间存在相关性，但是，发现了与干扰因素（年龄、体重指数、高血压、血脂异常和环境污染参数）的若干相关性。
本研究在牙科纳米复合材料研磨过程中，使用志愿者生物体液中的氧化应激生物标志物和抗氧化能力生物标志物，并未证明这种强烈短期暴露会产生负面影响。然而，需要进一步研究来评估口腔医生、患者以及不同健康状况的不同人群长期暴露后的氧化应激情况。
