University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford and Oxford Health NHS Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018 Feb;28(2):317-333. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.10.036. Epub 2018 Jan 19.
This ECNP meeting was designed to build bridges between different constituencies of mental illness treatment researchers from a range of backgrounds with a specific focus on enhancing the development of novel, evidence based, psychological treatments. In particular we wished to explore the potential for basic neuroscience to support the development of more effective psychological treatments, just as this approach is starting to illuminate the actions of drugs. To fulfil this aim, a selection of clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and neuroscientists were invited to sit at the same table. The starting point of the meeting was the proposition that we know certain psychological treatments work, but we have only an approximate understanding of why they work. The first task in developing a coherent mental health science would therefore be to uncover the mechanisms (at all levels of analysis) of effective psychological treatments. Delineating these mechanisms, a task that will require input from both the clinic and the laboratory, will provide a key foundation for the rational optimisation of psychological treatments. As reviewed in this paper, the speakers at the meeting reviewed recent advances in the understanding of clinical and cognitive psychology, neuroscience, experimental psychopathology, and treatment delivery technology focussed primarily on anxiety disorders and depression. We started by asking three rhetorical questions: What has psychology done for treatment? What has technology done for psychology? What has neuroscience done for psychology? We then addressed how research in five broad research areas could inform the future development of better treatments: Attention, Conditioning, Compulsions and addiction, Emotional Memory, and Reward and emotional bias. Research in all these areas (and more) can be harnessed to neuroscience since psychological therapies are a learning process with a biological basis in the brain. Because current treatment approaches are not fully satisfactory, there is an imperative to understand why not. And when psychological therapies do work we need to understand why this is the case, and how we can improve them. We may be able to improve accessibility to treatment without understanding mechanisms. But for treatment innovation and improvement, mechanistic insights may actually help. Applying neuroscience in this way will become an additional mission for ECNP.
本次 ECNP 会议旨在为来自不同背景的精神疾病治疗研究人员建立桥梁，重点是增强新型、基于证据的心理治疗方法的发展。特别是，我们希望探索基础神经科学如何为更有效的心理治疗方法提供支持，就像这种方法开始阐明药物的作用一样。为了实现这一目标，我们邀请了一些临床心理学家、精神科医生和神经科学家坐在同一张桌子上。会议的出发点是这样一个命题，即我们知道某些心理治疗方法有效，但我们只是大致了解其作用机制。因此，发展连贯的心理健康科学的首要任务是揭示有效的心理治疗方法的机制（在所有分析层面上）。阐明这些机制，这是一个需要临床和实验室共同参与的任务，将为心理治疗的合理优化提供关键基础。正如本文所综述的，会议的演讲者回顾了在理解临床和认知心理学、神经科学、实验精神病理学以及主要针对焦虑症和抑郁症的治疗提供技术方面的最新进展。我们首先提出了三个反问句：心理学为治疗做了什么？技术为心理学做了什么？神经科学为心理学做了什么？然后，我们讨论了在五个广泛的研究领域的研究如何为更好的治疗方法的未来发展提供信息：注意力、条件作用、强迫和成瘾、情绪记忆以及奖励和情绪偏见。所有这些领域（以及更多）的研究都可以为神经科学提供信息，因为心理疗法是一种具有生物学基础的大脑学习过程。由于目前的治疗方法并不完全令人满意，因此必须了解原因。当心理疗法确实有效时，我们需要了解原因，以及如何改进。我们可能能够在不了解机制的情况下提高治疗的可及性。但是，为了治疗创新和改进，机制见解实际上可能会有所帮助。以这种方式应用神经科学将成为 ECNP 的另一项任务。
