Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; email:
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2021 May 7;17:465-493. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-114309. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
The last three decades in psychological research have been marked by interdisciplinary science. Addiction represents a prime example of a disorder marked by a complex interaction among psychosocial and biological factors. This review highlights critical findings in the basic neuroscience of addiction and translates them into clinical language that can inform clinical psychologists in their research, teaching, and practice. From mechanisms of reward processing, learning and memory, allostasis, incentive-sensitization, withdrawal, tolerance, goal-directed decision making, habit learning, genetics, inflammation, and the microbiome, the common theme of this review is to illustrate the clinical utility of basic neuroscience research and to identify opportunities for clinical science. The thoughtful integration of basic and clinical science provides a powerful tool to fulfill the scientific mission of improving health care. Clinical psychologists have a crucial role to play in the translational science of addiction.
在过去的三十年里，心理学研究的特点是跨学科科学。成瘾是一种由心理社会和生物因素复杂相互作用标记的疾病的主要例子。这篇综述强调了成瘾的基础神经科学中的关键发现，并将其转化为可以为临床心理学家在他们的研究、教学和实践中提供信息的临床语言。从奖励处理、学习和记忆、适应、激励敏感化、戒断、耐受、目标导向决策、习惯学习、遗传学、炎症和微生物组的机制，本综述的共同主题是说明基础神经科学研究的临床实用性，并确定临床科学的机会。基础科学和临床科学的深思熟虑的整合为改善医疗保健的科学使命提供了一个强大的工具。临床心理学家在成瘾的转化科学中扮演着至关重要的角色。
