Logan John R
Department of Sociology, Brown University, Providence, USA.
Demogr Res. 2017;36:1759-1784. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.57. Epub 2017 Jun 7.
Segregation in Southern cities has been described as a 20-century development, layered onto an earlier pattern in which whites and blacks (both slaves and free black people) shared the same neighborhoods. Urban historians have pointed out ways in which the Southern postbellum pattern was less benign, but studies relying on census data aggregated by administrative areas - and segregation measures based on this data - have not confirmed their observations.
This study is based mainly on 100% microdata from the 1880 census that has been mapped at the address level in Washington, D.C. This data makes it possible to examine in detail the unique spatial configuration of segregation that is found in this city, especially the pattern of housing in alleys.
While segregation appears to have been low, as reflected in data by wards and even by much smaller enumeration districts, analyses at a finer spatial scale reveal strongly patterned separation between blacks and whites at this early time.
This research provides much new information about segregation in a major Southern city at the end of the 19 century. It also demonstrates the importance of dealing explicitly with issues of both scale and spatial pattern in studies of segregation.
南方城市的种族隔离被描述为20世纪的一种发展情况，叠加在早期白人、黑人（包括奴隶和自由黑人）居住在同一社区的模式之上。城市历史学家指出了南方战后模式不那么良性的一些方面，但依赖行政区汇总的人口普查数据以及基于这些数据的种族隔离措施的研究并未证实他们的观察结果。
本研究主要基于1880年人口普查的100%微观数据，这些数据已在华盛顿特区按地址级别进行了绘制。这些数据使得详细研究该市独特的种族隔离空间配置成为可能，尤其是小巷中的住房模式。
虽然从选区甚至更小的普查区数据来看，种族隔离似乎程度较低，但在更精细的空间尺度上进行分析时，发现在这个早期阶段，黑人和白人之间存在明显的模式化分隔。
这项研究提供了许多关于19世纪末南方一个主要城市种族隔离的新信息。它还证明了在种族隔离研究中明确处理尺度和空间模式问题的重要性。
