Si Kae Jye, Chen Yi, Shi Qianqian, Cheng Wenlong
Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia.
The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication151 Wellington Road Clayton 3168 Victoria Australia.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2017 Sep 6;5(1):1700179. doi: 10.1002/advs.201700179. eCollection 2018 Jan.
Nanoparticle superlattices are periodic arrays of nanoscale inorganic building blocks including metal nanoparticles, quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles. Such assemblies can exhibit exciting new collective properties different from those of individual nanoparticle or corresponding bulk materials. However, fabrication of nanoparticle superlattices is nontrivial because nanoparticles are notoriously difficult to manipulate due to complex nanoscale forces among them. An effective way to manipulate these nanoscale forces is to use soft ligands, which can prevent nanoparticles from disordered aggregation, fine-tune the interparticle potential as well as program lattice structures and interparticle distances - the two key parameters governing superlattice properties. This article aims to review the up-to-date advances of superlattices from the viewpoint of soft ligands. We first describe the theories and design principles of soft-ligand-based approach and then thoroughly cover experimental techniques developed from soft ligands such as molecules, polymer and DNA. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and future perspectives in nanoparticle superlattices.
纳米颗粒超晶格是纳米级无机结构单元的周期性阵列，这些结构单元包括金属纳米颗粒、量子点和磁性纳米颗粒。此类组装体可展现出与单个纳米颗粒或相应块状材料不同的令人兴奋的新型集体性质。然而，纳米颗粒超晶格的制备并非易事，因为纳米颗粒之间存在复杂的纳米级作用力，导致其极难操控。操控这些纳米级作用力的一种有效方法是使用软配体，软配体可以防止纳米颗粒无序聚集，微调颗粒间势能，并设计晶格结构和颗粒间距离——这两个是决定超晶格性质的关键参数。本文旨在从软配体的角度综述超晶格的最新进展。我们首先描述基于软配体方法的理论和设计原则，然后全面介绍由软配体（如分子、聚合物和DNA）发展而来的实验技术。最后，我们讨论纳米颗粒超晶格中仍然存在的挑战和未来前景。
