Leung Alexander K C, Hon Kam L, Wong Alex H C, Wong Andrew S
Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children`s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2018;12(2):120-127. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180129165718.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common reason for children to be seen in pediatric practices. A correct diagnosis is important so that appropriate treatment can be instituted.
To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in children.
A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "bacterial conjunctivitis". Patents were searched using the key term "bacterial conjunctivitis" from www.freepatentsonline.com and www.google.com/patents.
In the neonatal period, bacterial conjunctivitis is rare and the most common cause of organism is Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Chlamydia trachomatis. In infants and older children, bacterial conjunctivitis is most often caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Clinically, bacterial conjunctivitis is characterized by a purulent eye discharge, or sticky eyes on awakening, a foreign body sensation and conjunctival injection (pink eye). The diagnosis is made clinically. Cultures are unnecessary. Some authors suggest a watchful observation approach as most cases of bacterial conjunctivitis are self-limited. A Cochrane review suggests the use of antibiotic eye drops is associated with modestly improved rates of clinical and microbiological remission as compared to the use of placebo. Various investigators have also disclosed patents for the treatment of conjunctivitis.
The present consensus supports the use of topical antibiotics for bacterial conjunctivitis. Topical antibiotics shorten the course of the disease, reduce discomfort, prevent person-to-person transmission and reduce the rate of reinfection.
细菌性结膜炎是儿童到儿科诊所就诊的常见原因。正确诊断很重要，以便能采取适当的治疗措施。
提供有关儿童细菌性结膜炎评估、诊断和治疗的最新信息。
在Clinical Queries中使用关键词“细菌性结膜炎”完成PubMed检索。在www.freepatentsonline.com和www.google.com/patents上使用关键词“细菌性结膜炎”检索专利。
在新生儿期，细菌性结膜炎罕见，最常见的病原体是金黄色葡萄球菌，其次是沙眼衣原体。在婴儿和大龄儿童中，细菌性结膜炎最常由流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌和卡他莫拉菌引起。临床上，细菌性结膜炎的特征是脓性眼部分泌物，或晨起时眼睛发黏、有异物感和结膜充血（红眼）。诊断通过临床做出。无需进行培养。一些作者建议采用观察等待的方法，因为大多数细菌性结膜炎病例是自限性的。一项Cochrane综述表明，与使用安慰剂相比，使用抗生素滴眼液可使临床和微生物学缓解率适度提高。多位研究者也公开了治疗结膜炎的专利。
目前的共识支持使用局部抗生素治疗细菌性结膜炎。局部抗生素可缩短病程、减轻不适、防止人际传播并降低再感染率。
