澳大利亚成年人的游离糖摄入量和微量营养素稀释。

Intake of free sugars and micronutrient dilution in Australian adults.

机构信息

School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia.

Discipline of Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.

出版信息

Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jan 1;107(1):94-104. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx008.

DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqx008

PMID:29381794

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The negative health effect of excessive intake of free sugars has been gaining increasing public awareness.

OBJECTIVE

This secondary analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of free-sugar intake on micronutrient dilution, and estimate a threshold level of free-sugar intake at which a decrease in micronutrient intake becomes evident, based on data from the Australian Health Survey 2011-2012.

DESIGN

Dietary data from adult respondents (weighted n = 6150) who had completed two 24-h recalls were analyzed. A published 10-step methodology was adopted and used to estimate the free-sugar intake of the respondents. Six modified cut-offs for percentage of energy of free sugars (%EFS) were created based on recommendations from the WHO and the Institute of Medicine to examine the association between %EFS on micronutrient intakes. Estimated marginal means and SEs were calculated using ANCOVA. Logistic regression was used to calculate the ORs of not meeting the nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand for each micronutrient with an increase in free-sugar intake. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, country of birth, whether dieting, smoking status, and remoteness of living area.

RESULTS

Peak intake for most micronutrients was observed at %EFS between 5% and <15%. A significant reduction in most micronutrient intakes was observed at >25%EFS. At <5%EFS, some micronutrient intakes were reduced. Only small variations in micronutrient consumptions were observed when %EFS was between 5% and 25%. Core food intake decreased and discretionary food increased with an increase in free-sugar intake.

CONCLUSION

A high free-sugar intake, particularly >25%EFS, was found to have a significant diluting effect on most nutrients. However, a free-sugar intake <5%EFS may increase the risk of undesirably low micronutrient consumption related to inadequate total energy intake. This secondary analysis was registered at anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12617000917336.

摘要

背景

人们对过量摄入游离糖对健康的负面影响的认识日益提高。

目的

本二次分析旨在评估游离糖摄入量对微量营养素稀释的影响，并根据 2011-2012 年澳大利亚健康调查的数据，估算游离糖摄入量达到何种水平会明显导致微量营养素摄入减少。

设计

对完成了 2 次 24 小时回顾的成年受访者（加权 n=6150）的膳食数据进行了分析。采用已发表的 10 步方法估算受访者的游离糖摄入量。基于世界卫生组织和美国医学研究所的建议，创建了 6 个游离糖能量占比（%EFS）的修正切点，以检验 %EFS 与微量营养素摄入量之间的关系。采用协方差分析（ANCOVA）计算估计边际均值和 SE。采用 logistic 回归计算随着游离糖摄入量的增加，每种微量营养素不满足澳大利亚和新西兰营养素参考值的比值比（OR）。分析调整了年龄、性别、社会经济地位、出生地、是否节食、吸烟状况和居住地区偏远程度。

结果

大多数微量营养素的摄入量峰值出现在 %EFS 为 5%至<15%之间。当 >25%EFS 时，大多数微量营养素的摄入量显著降低。当 <5%EFS 时，一些微量营养素的摄入量减少。当 %EFS 在 5%至 25%之间时，微量营养素的摄入量只有很小的变化。随着游离糖摄入量的增加，核心食物摄入量减少，可自由选择的食物摄入量增加。