School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Sep;58(6):2485-2495. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1801-3. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
This cross-sectional analysis aimed to investigate the association between free sugar intake and micronutrient intake in Australian children and adolescents and to assess the effectiveness of the cut-off of < 10% energy intake from free sugar (%EFS) as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Dietary data of children and adolescents from the Australian Health Survey 2011-12 were analyzed (n = 1466). Free sugar intake was estimated using a published methodology with modification to suit the definition of free sugar. Six cut-offs for %EFS were created in 5% increments. Participants' mean intakes of 18 micronutrients, as well as their intakes of core (healthy) and discretionary (unhealthy) foods, at different cut-offs were compared using ANCOVA, with age, sex, and socioeconomic status measures as covariates. The odds ratios of not meeting the nutrient reference values (NRVs) for Australia and New Zealand of each micronutrient were calculated using logistic regression.
Micronutrient intake decreased with increasing %EFS and the peak intakes of most micronutrients appeared between 0-15%EFS. The absolute intakes of most micronutrients were not significantly different between participants who consumed < 10%EFS and ≥ 10%EFS. Those with > 20%EFS were less likely to meet the NRVs of more than half of the micronutrients. Additionally, as %EFS increased, intakes of core food groups decreased, while intakes of discretionary food groups increased.
The dilution effect in micronutrient intake with increasing free sugar intake was evident in Australian children and adolescents. However, meeting the WHO cut-off was associated with limited improvement in micronutrient adequacy.
本横断面分析旨在研究澳大利亚儿童和青少年游离糖摄入量与微量营养素摄入量之间的关系，并评估世界卫生组织（WHO）建议的游离糖摄入量占总能量摄入<10%（%EFS）这一切点的有效性。
分析了澳大利亚健康调查 2011-2012 年（n=1466）中儿童和青少年的饮食数据。游离糖摄入量采用已发表的方法进行估算，并对其进行了修改以适应游离糖的定义。创建了 6 个以 5%递增的 %EFS 切点。使用协方差分析（ANCOVA）比较不同切点下参与者 18 种微量营养素的平均摄入量，以及核心（健康）和自由裁量（不健康）食物的摄入量，调整年龄、性别和社会经济地位指标。使用 logistic 回归计算每个微量营养素不符合澳大利亚和新西兰营养素参考值（NRVs）的比值比。
随着 %EFS 的增加，微量营养素的摄入量逐渐减少，大多数微量营养素的摄入量峰值出现在 0-15%EFS 之间。在消耗<10%EFS 和≥10%EFS 的参与者之间，大多数微量营养素的绝对摄入量没有显著差异。超过 20%EFS 的人不太可能满足超过一半微量营养素的 NRVs。此外，随着 %EFS 的增加，核心食物组的摄入量减少，而自由裁量食物组的摄入量增加。
在澳大利亚儿童和青少年中，游离糖摄入增加导致微量营养素摄入稀释效应明显。然而，达到 WHO 切点与微量营养素充足性的有限改善相关。
