Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States.
Office of Research and Development , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Mar 6;52(5):3062-3070. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06534. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
Air pollution is a diverse and dynamic mixture of gaseous and particulate matter, limiting our understanding of associated adverse health outcomes. The biological effects of two simulated smog atmospheres (SA) with different compositions but similar air quality health indexes were compared in a nonobese diabetic rat model (Goto-Kakizaki, GK) and three mouse immune models (house dust mite (HDM) allergy, antibody response to heat-killed pneumococcus, and resistance to influenza A infection). In GK rats, both SA-PM (high particulate matter) and SA-O (high ozone) decreased cholesterol levels immediately after a 4-h exposure, whereas only SA-O increased airflow limitation. Airway responsiveness to methacholine was increased in HDM-allergic mice compared with nonallergic mice, but exposure to SA-PM or SA-O did not significantly alter responsiveness. Exposure to SA-PM did not affect the IgM response to pneumococcus, and SA-O did not affect virus titers, although inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased in mice infected at the end of a 7-day exposure. Collectively, acute SA exposures produced limited health effects in animal models of metabolic and immune diseases. Effects of SA-O tended to be greater than those of SA-PM, suggesting that gas-phase components in photochemically derived multipollutant mixtures may be of greater concern than secondary organic aerosol PM.
空气污染是一种由气体和颗粒物组成的多样且动态的混合物，限制了我们对相关不良健康后果的理解。在非肥胖型糖尿病大鼠模型（Goto-Kakizaki，GK）和三种免疫模型（屋尘螨过敏、抗热灭活肺炎球菌抗体反应和抗流感 A 感染）中，比较了两种组成不同但空气质量健康指数相似的模拟烟雾大气（SA）的生物效应。在 GK 大鼠中，SA-PM（高颗粒物）和 SA-O（高臭氧）在暴露 4 小时后立即降低胆固醇水平，而只有 SA-O 增加气流受限。与非过敏小鼠相比，HDM 过敏小鼠的气道对乙酰甲胆碱的反应性增加，但暴露于 SA-PM 或 SA-O 并未显著改变反应性。暴露于 SA-PM 不会影响对肺炎球菌的 IgM 反应，SA-O 也不会影响病毒滴度，尽管在 7 天暴露结束时感染的小鼠中炎症细胞因子水平降低。总的来说，急性 SA 暴露在代谢和免疫疾病的动物模型中产生的健康影响有限。SA-O 的作用往往大于 SA-PM，这表明光化学衍生多污染物混合物中的气相成分可能比二次有机气溶胶 PM 更令人关注。
