ORISE Research Fellow , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States.
National Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Mar 6;52(5):3045-3053. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00613. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
No study has evaluated the mutagenicity of atmospheres with a calculated air quality health index (AQHI). Thus, we generated in a UV-light-containing reaction chamber two simulated atmospheres (SAs) with similar AQHIs but different proportions of criteria pollutants and evaluated them for mutagenicity in three Salmonella strains at the air-agar interface. We continuously injected into the chamber gasoline, nitric oxide, and ammonium sulfate, as well as either α-pinene to produce SA-PM, which had a high concentration of particulate matter (PM): 119 ppb ozone (O), 321 ppb NO, and 1007 μg/m PM; or isoprene to produce SA-O, which had a high ozone (O) concentration: 415 ppb O, 633 ppb NO, and 55 μg/m PM. Neither PM extracts, NO, or O alone, nor nonphoto-oxidized mixtures were mutagenic or cytotoxic. Both photo-oxidized atmospheres were largely direct-acting base-substitution mutagens with similar mutagenic potencies in TA100 and TA104. The mutagenic potencies [(revertants/h)/(mgC/m)] of SA-PM (4.3 ± 0.4) and SA-O (9.5 ± 1.3) in TA100 were significantly different ( P < 0.0001), but the mutation spectra were not ( P = 0.16), being ∼54% C → T and ∼46% C → A. Thus, the AQHI may have some predictive value for the mutagenicity of the gas phase of air.
尚无研究评估具有计算空气质量健康指数 (AQHI) 的大气的致突变性。因此，我们在含有紫外光的反应室中生成了两种具有相似 AQHI 但不同污染物比例的模拟大气 (SA)，并在空气-琼脂界面的三种沙门氏菌菌株中评估了它们的致突变性。我们连续向腔室中注入汽油、一氧化氮和硫酸铵，以及α-蒎烯以产生 PM 浓度高的 SA-PM：臭氧 (O) 为 119 ppb、NO 为 321 ppb、PM 为 1007μg/m；或异戊二烯以产生 PM 浓度低的 SA-O：臭氧 (O) 浓度为 415 ppb、NO 为 633 ppb、PM 为 55μg/m。单独的 PM 提取物、NO 或 O 或未光氧化的混合物均无致突变性或细胞毒性。两种光氧化的大气均主要为直接作用的碱基替换致突变剂，在 TA100 和 TA104 中的致突变效力相似。SA-PM (4.3 ± 0.4) 和 SA-O (9.5 ± 1.3) 在 TA100 中的致突变效力 [(回复突变体/h)/(mgC/m)] 差异显著 (P < 0.0001)，但突变谱无差异 (P = 0.16)，约 54% C → T 和约 46% C → A。因此，AQHI 可能对空气气相的致突变性具有一定的预测价值。
