Seetharaman Sujatha, Yen Sophia, Ammerman Seth D
Division of Adolescent Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Open Access J Contracept. 2016 Nov 22;7:161-173. doi: 10.2147/OAJC.S97075. eCollection 2016.
Globally, unintended adolescent pregnancies pose a significant burden. One of the most important tools that can help prevent unintended pregnancy is the timely use of emergency contraception (EC), which in turn will decrease the need for abortions and complications related to adolescent pregnancies. Indications for the use of EC include unprotected sexual intercourse, contraceptive failure, or sexual assault. Use of EC is recommended within 120 hours, though is most effective if used as soon as possible after unprotected sex. To use EC, adolescents need to be equipped with knowledge about the various EC methods, and how and where EC can be accessed. Great variability in the knowledge and use of EC around the world exists, which is a major barrier to its use. The aims of this paper were to 1) provide a brief overview of EC, 2) discuss key social determinants affecting knowledge and use of EC, and 3) explore best practices for overcoming the barriers of lack of knowledge, use, and access of EC.
在全球范围内，青少年意外怀孕带来了沉重负担。有助于预防意外怀孕的最重要工具之一是及时使用紧急避孕措施（EC），这反过来将减少堕胎需求以及与青少年怀孕相关的并发症。紧急避孕措施的使用指征包括无保护性行为、避孕失败或性侵犯。建议在120小时内使用紧急避孕措施，不过在无保护性行为后尽快使用最为有效。要使用紧急避孕措施，青少年需要具备有关各种紧急避孕方法以及如何获取和在何处获取紧急避孕措施的知识。世界各地在紧急避孕措施的知识和使用方面存在很大差异，这是其使用的主要障碍。本文的目的是：1）简要概述紧急避孕措施；2）讨论影响紧急避孕措施知识和使用的关键社会决定因素；3）探索克服紧急避孕措施知识、使用和获取方面障碍的最佳做法。
