Clark W C, Carroll J D, Yang J C, Janal M N
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1986 Feb;12(1):103-7. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.12.1.103.
The Individual Differences Scaling (INDSCAL) model of multidimensional scaling was used to explore the dimensions of thermal pain. The observers made 66 similarity judgments to all pairs of 12 different thermal stimulus intensities ranging from zero to noxious. Analysis of the data revealed a two-dimensional group stimulus space. The major dimension ordered the stimuli with respect to their intensity. This quantitative, strength-of-sensation dimension may be interpreted as indicating how weak or strong a stimulus feels, apart from any secondary qualities of warmth or pain. The second dimension was related to the qualitative aspects of the stimuli. This bipolar dimension contained two attributes: a pain attribute ranging from just detectable warmth to painful, and a warm-hot attribute running from just detectable warmth to hot. This study demonstrates the utility of the INDSCAL approach to the understanding of pain and offers a new technique for answering the age-old question concerning the number and qualities of the dimensions underlying the pain experience.
多维标度的个体差异标度（INDSCAL）模型被用于探究热痛的维度。观察者对从零到有害的12种不同热刺激强度的所有两两组合做出了66次相似性判断。数据分析揭示了一个二维的组刺激空间。主要维度根据刺激强度对其进行排序。这个定量的感觉强度维度可以解释为表明刺激感觉有多弱或多强，与温暖或疼痛的任何次要性质无关。第二个维度与刺激的定性方面有关。这个双极维度包含两个属性：一个从刚可察觉的温暖到疼痛的疼痛属性，以及一个从刚可察觉的温暖到热的温热属性。本研究证明了INDSCAL方法在理解疼痛方面的效用，并提供了一种新技术来回答关于疼痛体验背后维度的数量和性质这个古老问题。
