Giunta Francesco, De Vita Pasquale, Mastrangelo Anna M, Sanna Gavino, Motzo Rosella
Sez. Agronomia, Coltivazioni erbacee e Genetica, Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria-Centro Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy.
Front Plant Sci. 2018 Jan 18;9:8. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00008. eCollection 2018.
Phenology has a profound effect on adaptation and productivity of crops. The impact of phenology on tillering and fertility traits of durum wheat ( L. subsp. Desf.) was evaluated with the aim of specifying which group of flowering genes (, or ) was involved in their control. A recombinant inbred line population was grown under four contrasting conditions of vernalization and daylength. Phenotyping was carried out according to robust phenological models dissecting both phenological and yield related traits. Whole-genome profiling was performed using the DArT-Seq technology. The genetic variability for tillering was mainly related to the genetic variability for vernalization sensitivity, as shown by the many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identified in non-vernalized plants associated to both tillering and phenological traits. No effects of photoperiod sensitivity on spikelet number were detected in short-day-grown plants, apparently because of limited genetic variability in photoperiod sensitivity of the population. Earliness was involved in control of spikelet number via final leaf number, with these traits genetically correlated and sharing some QTLs. Chaff weight and number of kernels per g chaff were negatively associated and related to anthesis date under most conditions. QTL mapping uncovered novel loci involved in phenological control of tillering and fertility traits, and confirmed the presence of several well-established loci. Phenotyping of both phenology and kernel number according to a robust physiological model amplified the possibility of identifying genetic factors underlying their variations. Also, isolating known flowering gene cues by manipulation of environmental conditions provided the opportunity for each group of genes to be expressed without confounding effects of the others. This information helps to predict the consequences of either genetic manipulation of flowering genes and changes in environmental conditions on the potential yield of durum wheat.
物候学对作物的适应性和生产力有着深远影响。为了明确哪一组开花基因（、或）参与了硬粒小麦（L. subsp. Desf.）分蘖和育性性状的控制，评估了物候学对其的影响。一个重组自交系群体在四种不同的春化和日长条件下种植。根据剖析物候和产量相关性状的稳健物候模型进行表型分析。使用DArT-Seq技术进行全基因组分析。分蘖的遗传变异主要与春化敏感性的遗传变异有关，这在未春化植株中鉴定出的许多与分蘖和物候性状相关的数量性状位点（QTL）中得到了体现。在短日生长的植株中未检测到光周期敏感性对小穗数的影响，显然是因为群体中光周期敏感性的遗传变异有限。早熟通过最终叶片数参与小穗数的控制，这些性状在遗传上相关且共享一些QTL。在大多数条件下，颖壳重量和每克颖壳的籽粒数呈负相关且与开花日期有关。QTL定位揭示了参与分蘖和育性性状物候控制的新位点，并证实了几个已确立位点的存在。根据稳健的生理模型对物候和籽粒数进行表型分析，增加了识别其变异潜在遗传因素的可能性。此外，通过操纵环境条件分离已知的开花基因线索，为每组基因在无其他基因混杂效应的情况下表达提供了机会。这些信息有助于预测开花基因的遗传操作和环境条件变化对硬粒小麦潜在产量的影响。
