Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 306-22 Santiago, Chile.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 24;21(19):7021. doi: 10.3390/ijms21197021.
Durum wheat is the most relevant cereal for the whole of Mediterranean agriculture, due to its intrinsic adaptation to dryland and semi-arid environments and to its strong historical cultivation tradition. It is not only relevant for the primary production sector, but also for the food industry chains associated with it. In Mediterranean environments, wheat is mostly grown under rainfed conditions and the crop is frequently exposed to environmental stresses, with high temperatures and water scarcity especially during the grain filling period. For these reasons, and due to recurrent disease epidemics, Mediterranean wheat productivity often remains under potential levels. Many studies, using both linkage analysis (LA) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS), have identified the genomic regions controlling the grain yield and the associated markers that can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. Here, we have summarized all the current studies identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and/or candidate genes involved in the main traits linked to grain yield: kernel weight, number of kernels per spike and number of spikes per unit area.
硬质小麦是整个地中海农业中最重要的谷物，因为它具有内在的适应旱地和半干旱环境的能力，以及强大的历史种植传统。它不仅与初级生产部门相关，而且与相关的食品工业链也相关。在地中海环境中，小麦主要在雨养条件下种植，作物经常受到环境压力的影响，特别是在灌浆期，高温和缺水的情况较为常见。由于这些原因，再加上周期性的疾病流行，地中海小麦的生产力往往低于潜在水平。许多研究使用连锁分析（LA）和全基因组关联研究（GWAS），已经确定了控制粒重和相关标记的基因组区域，这些标记可用于标记辅助选择（MAS）计划。在这里，我们总结了所有当前的研究，这些研究确定了与粒重相关的主要性状的数量性状位点（QTLs）和/或候选基因：籽粒重、穗粒数和单位面积穗数。
