Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Women's Health Research Center, Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2018 May;27(3):176-181. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000404.
The review is a short discussion of sex/gender differences in blood pressure control with a focus on gender differences in hypertension awareness, prevalence, and treatment, the new American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines, and recent discoveries in animal models and humans on mechanisms responsible for sex/gender differences in hypertension.
Hypertension awareness is greater in women than men, the prevalence of hypertension is higher in men than women until after menopause, and although the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines recommend similar treatment for men and women, this is not currently the case in practice. New studies into mechanisms responsible for sex/gender differences in hypertension include the role of the kidneys, the renin-angiotensin system, relaxin, and developmental programming.
Specific guidelines for hypertension treatment in women and men have yet to be developed. However, numerous animal and human studies have shown differences in the mechanisms responsible for blood pressure control between the sexes. Thus more research into the sex/gender differences in mechanisms responsible for hypertension are needed to determine the best treatment options that will reduce the risk of hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular diseases in both genders.
本文简要讨论了血压控制方面的性别差异，重点讨论了高血压知晓率、发病率和治疗方面的性别差异、美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会的新指南，以及动物模型和人类中与高血压性别差异相关机制的最新发现。
女性的高血压知晓率高于男性，男性的高血压发病率高于女性，直到绝经后才高于女性，尽管美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会的指南建议对男性和女性进行类似的治疗，但目前实际情况并非如此。新的研究表明，高血压性别差异的机制包括肾脏、肾素-血管紧张素系统、松弛素和发育编程的作用。
针对女性和男性的高血压治疗的具体指南尚未制定。然而，大量的动物和人类研究表明，性别之间在血压控制机制方面存在差异。因此，需要更多的研究来确定高血压机制中的性别差异，以确定最佳的治疗方案，从而降低两性患高血压和随后心血管疾病的风险。
