Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 9122 Rangos Research Building, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2018 Mar;32(1):65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2017.10.001.
Respiratory viral infections are a leading cause of pediatric disease. Emerging respiratory viruses can cause outbreaks with significant morbidity and mortality or circulate routinely. The rapid identification of pathogens, epidemiologic tracing, description of symptoms, and development of preventative and therapeutic measures are crucial to limiting the spread of these viruses. Some emerging viruses, such as rhinovirus C and influenza C, circulate yearly but were previously undetected due to limited diagnostic methods. Although some pathogens have a geographic focus, globalization dictates that providers be aware of all emerging diseases in order to recognize outbreaks and diagnose and treat patients.
呼吸道病毒感染是儿童疾病的主要病因。新出现的呼吸道病毒可引起发病率和死亡率高的暴发，或常规流行。快速识别病原体、进行流行病学追踪、描述症状以及制定预防和治疗措施对于限制这些病毒的传播至关重要。一些新出现的病毒，如鼻病毒 C 和流感 C，每年都会流行，但由于诊断方法有限，以前无法检测到。虽然一些病原体具有地域集中性，但全球化要求医务人员了解所有新出现的疾病，以便识别暴发并诊断和治疗患者。
