Sohail Muhammad Luqman, Khan Muhammad Sarwar, Ijaz Muhammad, Naseer Omer, Fatima Zahida, Ahmad Abdullah Saghir, Ahmad Waqas
University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Acta Trop. 2018 May;181:79-83. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.01.021. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
Leptospirosis is a worldwide emerging infectious disease of zoonotic importance and large epidemics and epizootics have been reported all over the globe. A cross survey study was conducted to estimate seroprevalence of human leptospirosis in climatically distinct regions of Pakistan and to identify the risk factors associated with the disease. Blood samples from 360 humans were collected through convenient sampling, 120 from each of three study areas. Serological testing was performed using ELISA kit as per manufacturer's recommendations. The results showed an overall prevalence of 40.83% (95% CI; 35.71-46.11). Statistical analysis showed significant (P < .05) differences in leptospiral seroprevalence in three different geographic locations, with highest in humid sub-tropical climatic region (50.83%; 95% CI; 41.55-60.07), followed by semi-arid region (44.16%; 95% CI; 35.11-53.52) and lowest in hot and dry region (27.50%; 95% CI; 19.75-36.40). After multivariate analysis age, gender, exposure to flooding water, source of water usage, disinfection schedule of surroundings and history of cut and wound were found significantly associated with the seropositivity of Leptospira. The present study, first to uncover seroprevalence of human Leptospira in different climatic regions of Pakistan, alarms about effect of climate on prevalence of Leptospira in the region.
钩端螺旋体病是一种具有人畜共患病重要性的全球新兴传染病，全球各地均有大规模流行和 epizootics 报告。开展了一项横断面调查研究，以估计巴基斯坦气候不同地区人类钩端螺旋体病的血清阳性率，并确定与该疾病相关的危险因素。通过方便抽样收集了 360 人的血样，来自三个研究区域，每个区域 120 份。按照制造商的建议使用 ELISA 试剂盒进行血清学检测。结果显示总体患病率为 40.83%（95%可信区间；35.71 - 46.11）。统计分析表明，三个不同地理位置的钩端螺旋体血清阳性率存在显著（P < 0.05）差异，在湿润亚热带气候区域最高（50.83%；95%可信区间；41.55 - 60.07），其次是半干旱地区（44.16%；95%可信区间；35.11 - 53.52），在炎热干燥地区最低（27.50%；95%可信区间；19.75 - 36.40）。多因素分析后发现，年龄、性别、接触洪水、用水来源、周围环境消毒时间表以及割伤和伤口史与钩端螺旋体血清阳性显著相关。本研究首次揭示了巴基斯坦不同气候区域人类钩端螺旋体的血清阳性率，警示了气候对该地区钩端螺旋体患病率的影响。
