a Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy , School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA.
b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA.
Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Jun;41(13):1584-1595. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1432704. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
This review explored the sustainability of health and physical activity-based outcomes following exercise trials that were conducted for people with disabilities, and characterised the influence of technology and behaviour change strategies.
A total of 132 studies were screened from an existing database.
Only 22 studies featured follow-up periods and met eligibility criteria. At follow-up, studies typically reported at least one significant health outcome that was maintained (n = 18/21; 86%). However, significant health outcomes accounted for only 32% of the total volume of outcomes that were measured at follow-up. For physical activity-based outcomes, six studies (n = 6/8; 75%) reported that intervention gains were maintained throughout follow-up. The incorporation of technology or behaviour change strategies appeared to be linked with sustainable intervention effects.
Overall, some evidence demonstrated that post-intervention effects were sustainable. However, the strength of the evidence was weak and several existing gaps in knowledge were identified. Moreover, most studies did not focus on sustainability, but instead emphasised short-term effects of exercise participation on health and physical activity outcomes. Study findings call for greater research and programme efforts to maintain health, function, and physical activity behaviour after supports provided by research studies are removed. Implications for rehabilitation Short-term exercise programmes may require additional strategies designed specifically to enhance the sustainability of exercise outcomes and physical activity participation. Incorporating technology within exercise interventions may enhance the likelihood of sustaining health and function outcomes. Exercise programmes framed within behaviour change theory can equip individuals with the appropriate strategies necessary to maintain their physical activity participation.
本综述探讨了针对残疾人群进行的运动试验后的健康和身体活动相关结果的可持续性，并分析了技术和行为改变策略的影响。
从现有的数据库中筛选出了 132 项研究。
仅有 22 项研究具有随访期且符合入选标准。在随访时，研究通常报告至少一项保持不变的显著健康结果（n=18/21；86%）。然而，在随访时测量的总结果中，仅有 32%是显著的健康结果。对于基于身体活动的结果，有 6 项研究（n=6/8；75%）报告干预增益在整个随访期间得到维持。技术或行为改变策略的结合似乎与可持续的干预效果有关。
总体而言，有一些证据表明干预后的效果是可持续的。然而，证据的强度很弱，并且确定了几个现有的知识空白。此外，大多数研究并未关注可持续性，而是强调了短期运动参与对健康和身体活动结果的影响。研究结果呼吁进行更多的研究和计划工作，以在研究提供的支持被移除后维持健康、功能和身体活动行为。
短期运动计划可能需要额外的策略来增强运动结果和身体活动参与的可持续性。在运动干预中纳入技术可能会提高维持健康和功能结果的可能性。以行为改变理论为框架的运动计划可以为个人提供维持身体活动参与所需的适当策略。
