J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018 May;118(5):865-877. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.11.006. Epub 2018 Mar 2.
Boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than typically developing controls. Differences in diet and exercise may contribute to low BMD.
Our aim was to examine macro- and micronutrient intakes and self-reported physical activity in boys with ASD compared to TDC and the relationship of these variables with BMD.
DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 49 boys (25 ASD, 24 typically developing controls) assessed for 3-day food records and physical activity records, and BMD of the whole body less head, hip, and spine using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fasting levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and calcium were obtained.
Participants were adolescent boys, aged 8 to 17 years, recruited from a clinic population (ASD) or community advertisements (ASD and typically developing controls) matched for age.
ASD participants were approximately 9 months younger than typically developing control participants on average. Body mass index and serum vitamin D and calcium levels were similar. Boys with ASD consumed 16% fewer calories, with a larger percentage obtained from carbohydrates, and 37% less animal protein and 20% less fat than typically developing controls. A lower proportion of ASD participants were categorized as "very physically active" (27% vs 79%; P<0.001). BMD z scores were 0.7 to 1.2 standard deviations lower in ASD than typically developing controls at all locations. Higher animal protein, calcium, and phosphorus intakes were associated positively with bone density measures in boys with ASD.
Compared to typically developing controls, boys with ASD had lower protein, calcium, and phosphorus intakes, activity levels, and BMD z scores at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and whole body less head. Protein, calcium, and phosphorus intakes were associated positively with BMD.
患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的男孩的骨矿物质密度（BMD）低于典型发育对照者。饮食和运动的差异可能导致 BMD 降低。
我们的目的是检查 ASD 男孩与 TDC 相比的宏量和微量营养素摄入量和自我报告的体力活动，并研究这些变量与 BMD 的关系。
设计/方法：我们对 49 名男孩（25 名 ASD，24 名典型发育对照者）进行了横断面研究，评估了他们的 3 天饮食记录和体力活动记录，以及使用双能 X 射线吸收法测量的全身（不包括头部、臀部和脊柱）BMD。还获得了 25（OH）维生素 D 和钙的空腹水平。
参与者为年龄在 8 至 17 岁的青少年男孩，从诊所人群（ASD）或社区广告（ASD 和典型发育对照者）中招募，年龄匹配。
ASD 参与者的平均年龄比典型发育对照组小 9 个月。体重指数和血清维生素 D 和钙水平相似。ASD 男孩的热量摄入减少了 16%，其中碳水化合物的摄入量所占比例更大，动物蛋白减少了 37%，脂肪减少了 20%。与典型发育对照组相比，ASD 参与者中“非常活跃”的比例较低（27%比 79%；P<0.001）。ASD 男孩的所有部位的 BMD z 评分均比典型发育对照组低 0.7 至 1.2 个标准差。ASD 男孩的动物蛋白、钙和磷摄入量较高与骨密度测量值呈正相关。
与典型发育对照组相比，ASD 男孩的蛋白质、钙和磷摄入量、活动水平以及腰椎、股骨颈、全髋和不包括头部的全身 BMD z 评分均较低。蛋白质、钙和磷摄入量与 BMD 呈正相关。
