Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.
National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, California.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018 Oct;1429(1):5-17. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13597. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
The siting of protected areas to achieve management and conservation objectives draws heavily on biogeographic concepts of the spatial distribution and connectivity of species. However, the marine protected area (MPA) literature rarely acknowledges how biogeographic theories underpin MPA and MPA network design. We review which theories from biogeography have been incorporated into marine spatial planning and which relevant concepts have yet to be translated to inform the next generation of design principles. This biogeographic perspective will only become more relevant as climate change amplifies these spatial and temporal dynamics, and as species begin to shift in and out of existing MPAs. The scale of climate velocities predicted for the 21st century dwarfs all but the largest MPAs currently in place, raising the possibility that in coming decades many MPAs will no longer contain the species or assemblages they were established to protect. We present a number of design elements that could improve the success of MPAs and MPA networks in light of biogeographic processes and climate change. Biogeographically informed MPA networks of the future may resemble the habitat corridors currently being considered for many terrestrial regions.
保护区的选址是为了实现管理和保护目标，这在很大程度上依赖于物种空间分布和连通性的生物地理概念。然而，海洋保护区（MPA）的文献很少承认生物地理理论如何为 MPA 和 MPA 网络设计提供支撑。我们回顾了哪些生物地理学理论已被纳入海洋空间规划，以及哪些相关概念尚未转化为信息，以告知下一代设计原则。随着气候变化加剧了这些时空动态，以及物种开始在现有的 MPA 内外迁移，这种生物地理视角将变得更加重要。预计在 21 世纪，气候速度的规模将超过目前所有最大的 MPA，这使得在未来几十年中，许多 MPA 将不再包含它们原本旨在保护的物种或生物组合。我们提出了一些设计要素，可以考虑生物地理过程和气候变化，以提高 MPA 和 MPA 网络的成功率。未来具有生物地理意识的 MPA 网络可能类似于目前许多陆地地区正在考虑的生境走廊。
