Fisheries Economics Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Department of Applied Economics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 10;15(11):e0241771. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241771. eCollection 2020.
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are valuable tools for marine conservation that aim to limit human impacts on marine systems and protect valuable species or habitats. However, as species distributions shift due to ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen depletion from climate change, the areas originally designated under MPAs may bear little resemblance to their past state. Different approaches have been suggested for coping with species on the move in conservation. Here, we test the effectiveness of different MPA designs, including dynamic, network, and different directional orientations on protecting shifting species under climate change through ecosystem modeling in a theoretical ecosystem. Our findings suggest that dynamic MPAs may benefit some species (e.g., whiting and anchovy) and fishing fleets, and these benefits can inform the design or adaptation of MPAs worldwide. In addition, we find that it is important to design MPAs with specific goals and to account for the effects of released fishing pressure and species interactions in MPA design.
海洋保护区 (MPAs) 是海洋保护的重要工具，旨在限制人类对海洋系统的影响，保护有价值的物种或栖息地。然而，由于海洋变暖、酸化以及气候变化导致的氧气枯竭，物种分布发生了变化，最初在 MPAs 下指定的区域可能与过去的状态大不相同。对于应对保护中移动的物种，已经提出了不同的方法。在这里，我们通过理论生态系统中的生态系统建模，测试了不同的 MPA 设计，包括动态、网络和不同的定向方位，在应对气候变化下物种转移方面的有效性。我们的研究结果表明，动态 MPAs 可能会使一些物种（如鳕鱼和凤尾鱼）和捕鱼船队受益，这些收益可以为全球 MPA 的设计或适应提供信息。此外，我们发现，设计具有特定目标的 MPA 并考虑在 MPA 设计中释放的捕捞压力和物种相互作用的影响非常重要。
