Pitarque Alfonso, Satorres Encarnación, Escudero Joaquín, Algarabel Salvador, Bekkers Omar, Meléndez Juan C
Dept. Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Dept. Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Conscious Cogn. 2018 Mar;59:26-31. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.01.004. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
The aim of the current study is to examine the effects of motivated forgetting and aging on true and false memory. Sixty young and 54 healthy older adults were instructed to study two lists of 18 words each. Each list was composed of three sets of six words associated with three non-presented critical words. After studying list 1, half of the participants received the instruction to forget List 1, whereas the other half received the instruction to remember List 1. Next, all the subjects studied list 2; finally, they were asked to remember the words studied in both lists. The results showed that when participants intended to forget the studied List 1, they were less likely to recall the studied words, but more likely to intrude the critical words. That is, we can intentionally forget something but this can also entail the intrusion of some related false memories.
本研究的目的是考察动机性遗忘和衰老对真记忆和错误记忆的影响。60名年轻人和54名健康老年人被要求学习两组单词，每组18个。每组由与三个未呈现的关键单词相关的三组六个单词组成。学习列表1后，一半参与者收到忘记列表1的指令，而另一半收到记住列表1的指令。接下来，所有受试者学习列表2；最后，他们被要求记住在两个列表中学习的单词。结果表明，当参与者打算忘记所学的列表1时，他们回忆所学单词的可能性较小，但更有可能插入关键单词。也就是说，我们可以有意地忘记某些事情，但这也可能导致一些相关错误记忆的侵入。
