Cho Hyun-Ki, Park Chang-Gyun, Shin Han-Jae, Park Ki-Hong, Lim Heung-Bin
1 College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
2 KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2018 Feb;34(2):99-109. doi: 10.1177/0748233717749694. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
Ultrafine particles (UFPs, < 2.5 µm) in air pollutants have been identified as a major cause of respiratory diseases, since they can affect the lung alveoli through the bronchus. In particular, if toxicants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in UFPs, they can cause diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. This study compared in vitro toxicity of various particulate matter including UFPs from combustion particles of diesel (diesel exhaust particles (DEP)), rice straw (RS), pine stem (PS) and coal (CC), and road dust particles from tunnel (TD) and roadside (RD). UFPs from combustion particles and road dust were collected with a glass fiber filter using burning systems and a solid aerosol generator. Cell viability was determined by neutral red uptake assay using Chinese hamster ovary strain K1 cells. Redox cycling activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species were measured using 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT) and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) assay, respectively. Our in vitro studies validated that combustion particles had high toxicological activity. PS demonstrated the highest activity in cytotoxicity but DEP had the highest activity in the DTT and DCF-DA assays. Overall, since the toxicological activity of particles generated by various means was different, risk assessment should be conducted through various toxicity evaluations rather than one toxicity evaluation.
空气污染物中的超细颗粒物（UFPs，<2.5 µm）已被确认为呼吸系统疾病的主要原因，因为它们可以通过支气管影响肺泡。特别是，如果超细颗粒物中存在重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）等有毒物质，它们会引发哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺癌等疾病。本研究比较了各种颗粒物的体外毒性，这些颗粒物包括来自柴油燃烧颗粒（柴油尾气颗粒（DEP））、稻草（RS）、松树茎（PS）和煤炭（CC）的超细颗粒物，以及来自隧道（TD）和路边（RD）的道路灰尘颗粒。使用燃烧系统和固体气溶胶发生器，通过玻璃纤维过滤器收集来自燃烧颗粒和道路灰尘的超细颗粒物。使用中国仓鼠卵巢K1细胞系，通过中性红摄取试验测定细胞活力。分别使用1,4-二硫苏糖醇（DTT）和2',7'-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯（DCF-DA）试验测量氧化还原循环活性和细胞内活性氧。我们的体外研究证实，燃烧颗粒具有很高的毒理学活性。PS在细胞毒性方面表现出最高活性，但DEP在DTT和DCF-DA试验中具有最高活性。总体而言，由于通过各种方式产生的颗粒的毒理学活性不同，应通过各种毒性评估而非单一毒性评估来进行风险评估。
