College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Feb 8;19(2):515. doi: 10.3390/ijms19020515.
Small RNAs (sRNA) are a significant group of gene expression regulators for multiple biological processes in eukaryotes. In plants, many sRNA silencing pathways produce extensive array of sRNAs with specialized roles. The evidence on record advocates for the functions of sRNAs during plant microbe interactions. Host sRNAs are reckoned as mandatory elements of plant defense. sRNAs involved in plant defense processes via different pathways include both short interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) that actively regulate immunity in response to pathogenic attack via tackling pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and other effectors. In response to pathogen attack, plants protect themselves with the help of sRNA-dependent immune systems. That sRNA-mediated plant defense responses play a role during infections is an established fact. However, the regulations of several sRNAs still need extensive research. In this review, we discussed the topical advancements and findings relevant to pathogen attack and plant defense mediated by sRNAs. We attempted to point out diverse sRNAs as key defenders in plant systems. It is hoped that sRNAs would be exploited as a mainstream player to achieve food security by tackling different plant diseases.
小 RNA（sRNA）是真核生物中多种生物过程的重要基因表达调控因子。在植物中，许多 sRNA 沉默途径产生具有特殊作用的大量 sRNA。有记录的证据表明 sRNA 在植物与微生物相互作用中发挥作用。宿主 sRNA 被认为是植物防御的必要组成部分。通过不同途径参与植物防御过程的 sRNA 包括短干扰 RNA（siRNA）和 microRNA（miRNA），它们通过靶向病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）和其他效应子，积极调节对病原体攻击的免疫反应。植物利用 sRNA 依赖性免疫系统来保护自己免受病原体的侵害。sRNA 介导的植物防御反应在感染过程中发挥作用是一个既定事实。然而，仍需要对几种 sRNA 的调控进行广泛的研究。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了与 sRNA 介导的病原体攻击和植物防御相关的最新进展和发现。我们试图指出不同的 sRNA 作为植物系统中的主要防御者。希望 sRNA 能够作为一种主流手段，通过解决不同的植物疾病来实现粮食安全。
