State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Dec 24;19(1):48. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010048.
Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) has fascinated scientists and researchers around the globe for the past few decades. This important mechanism allows preferential utilization of an energy-efficient and readily available carbon source over relatively less easily accessible carbon sources. This mechanism helps microorganisms to obtain maximum amount of glucose in order to keep pace with their metabolism. Microorganisms assimilate glucose and highly favorable sugars before switching to less-favored sources of carbon such as organic acids and alcohols. In CCR of filamentous fungi, CreA acts as a transcription factor, which is regulated to some extent by ubiquitination. CreD-HulA ubiquitination ligase complex helps in CreA ubiquitination, while CreB-CreC deubiquitination (DUB) complex removes ubiquitin from CreA, which causes its activation. CCR of fungi also involves some very crucial elements such as Hexokinases, cAMP, Protein Kinase (PKA), Ras proteins, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), Adenylate cyclase, RcoA and SnfA. Thorough study of molecular mechanism of CCR is important for understanding growth, conidiation, virulence and survival of filamentous fungi. This review is a comprehensive revision of the regulation of CCR in filamentous fungi as well as an updated summary of key regulators, regulation of different CCR-dependent mechanisms and its impact on various physical characteristics of filamentous fungi.
碳分解代谢物阻遏（CCR）在过去几十年中一直吸引着全球科学家和研究人员的关注。这种重要的机制允许微生物优先利用能量效率高且易于获得的碳源，而不是相对较难获得的碳源。这种机制有助于微生物在新陈代谢过程中获得最大量的葡萄糖。微生物在同化葡萄糖和高浓度有利糖后，才会转而利用有机酸和醇等不太受欢迎的碳源。在丝状真菌的 CCR 中，CreA 作为转录因子发挥作用，该转录因子在一定程度上受到泛素化的调节。CreD-HulA 泛素连接酶复合物有助于 CreA 的泛素化，而 CreB-CreC 去泛素化（DUB）复合物则从 CreA 上去除泛素，从而使其激活。真菌的 CCR 还涉及一些非常关键的元素，如己糖激酶、cAMP、蛋白激酶（PKA）、Ras 蛋白、G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）、腺苷酸环化酶、RcoA 和 SnfA。深入研究 CCR 的分子机制对于理解丝状真菌的生长、产孢、毒力和生存至关重要。本文综述了丝状真菌中 CCR 的调控机制，以及关键调控因子、不同 CCR 依赖性机制的调控及其对丝状真菌各种物理特性的影响的最新综述。
