School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., Houston, TX, USA.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Mar;102(6):2525-2533. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-8808-9. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
In offshore production facilities, large amounts of deaerated seawater are continuously injected to maintain pressure in oil reservoirs and equivalent volumes of fluids, composed of an oil/gas, and water mixture are produced. This process, brewing billions of liters of biphasic fluids particularly rich in microorganisms, goes through complex steel pipeline networks that are particularly prone to biofilm formation. Consequently, offshore facilities are frequently victims of severe microbiologically influenced corrosion. Understanding of microbiologically influenced corrosion is constantly growing. In the laboratory, the inventory of potentially corrosive microorganisms is increasing and microbial biochemical and bioelectrical processes are now recognized to be involved in corrosion. However, understanding of corrosive multispecies biofilms and the complex metabolic processes associated with corrosion remains a considerable challenge as simple laboratory biofilms comprising pure or defined mixed cultures poorly represent the complexity of in situ biofilms. Complementary, antagonistic, and parallel microbial pathways occur within the complex microbial and inorganic matrix of the biofilms which can lead to high corrosion rates. This mini-review explores models of microbiologically influenced corrosion and places them in the context of the multispecies biofilms observed in situ. Consequences of mitigation strategies on biofilm corrosiveness and dispersal are also discussed.
在海上生产设施中，大量脱气海水不断被注入以维持油藏压力，同时产出与注入体积相当的油/气和水混合物。这一过程酿造了数十亿升富含微生物的双相流体，这些流体通过复杂的钢制管道网络，这些网络特别容易形成生物膜。因此，海上设施经常成为严重微生物影响腐蚀的受害者。对微生物影响腐蚀的理解正在不断发展。在实验室中，潜在腐蚀性微生物的清单在不断增加，微生物生化和生物电化学过程现在被认为与腐蚀有关。然而，对腐蚀性多物种生物膜和与腐蚀相关的复杂代谢过程的理解仍然是一个相当大的挑战，因为简单的实验室生物膜由纯或定义的混合培养物组成，不能很好地代表原位生物膜的复杂性。在生物膜的复杂微生物和无机基质内会发生互补、拮抗和并行的微生物途径，从而导致高腐蚀速率。这篇小型综述探讨了微生物影响腐蚀的模型，并将它们置于原位观察到的多物种生物膜的背景下。还讨论了减轻策略对生物膜腐蚀性和分散性的影响。
