Saravanan Muthupandian, Asmalash Tsehaye, Gebrekidan Atsebaha, Gebreegziabiher Dawit, Araya Tadele, Hilekiros Haftamu, Barabadi Hamed, Ramanathan Kumaresan
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Pharm Nanotechnol. 2018;6(1):17-27. doi: 10.2174/2211738506666180209095710.
Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV) infection has attained pandemic level due to its complexity on both the HIV infection cycle and on the targets for drug delivery. This limits medication and consequently requires prominent and promising drug delivery systems to be invented. Notably, various nanomaterial have been studied to enhance effective delivery of the antiretroviral drugs for HIV prevention, diagnosis and cure. Some of these nanomaterials are liposomes, dendrimers, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), polymeric micelles, natural and synthetic polymers.
The present study aimed to review the recent progress in nanomedicine as a newly emerging approach to combat HIV.
The scientific data bases reviewed carefully to find both in vitro and in vivo studies representing the role of nonomedicine to combat HIV.
Impressively, nanomedicine drug delivery systems have been commendable in various models ranging from in vitro to in vivo. It gives notion about the application of nano-carrier systems for the delivery of anti-retroviral drugs which ideally should provide better distribution to surpass Blood- Brain Barrier (BBB) and other tissue or to overcome innate barriers such as mucus. Considerably, nanomaterials such as dendrimers and many other inorganic NPs such as silver, gold, iron, and zinc can be used for HIV treatment by interfering in varying stages of HIV life cycle. Furthermore, NPs could best act as adjuvants, convoys during vaccine delivery, as intra-vaginal microbicides and for the early detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen.
Nanomedicine may be a proper approach in HIV/AIDS therapy by means of offering lower dosage and side effect, better patient-to-patient consistency, bioavailability, target specificity and improved sensitivity of HIV diagnosis.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染已达到大流行程度，这是由于其在HIV感染周期和药物递送靶点方面都很复杂。这限制了药物治疗，因此需要发明突出且有前景的药物递送系统。值得注意的是，人们已经研究了各种纳米材料，以提高抗逆转录病毒药物在HIV预防、诊断和治疗方面的有效递送。其中一些纳米材料包括脂质体、树枝状大分子、无机纳米颗粒（NPs）、聚合物胶束、天然和合成聚合物。
本研究旨在综述纳米医学作为一种新兴的对抗HIV方法的最新进展。
仔细查阅科学数据库，以找到代表纳米医学在对抗HIV中作用的体外和体内研究。
令人印象深刻的是，纳米医学药物递送系统在从体外到体内的各种模型中都值得称赞。它为纳米载体系统在抗逆转录病毒药物递送中的应用提供了思路，理想情况下，纳米载体系统应能实现更好的分布以跨越血脑屏障（BBB）和其他组织，或克服诸如黏液等固有屏障。相当多的是，树枝状大分子等纳米材料以及许多其他无机NPs，如银、金、铁和锌，可以通过干扰HIV生命周期的不同阶段来用于HIV治疗。此外，NPs可以很好地充当佐剂、疫苗递送过程中的护航者、阴道内杀菌剂以及用于HIV-1 p24抗原的早期检测。
纳米医学可能是HIV/AIDS治疗中的一种合适方法，因为它具有较低的剂量和副作用、更好的患者间一致性、生物利用度、靶向特异性以及提高HIV诊断的敏感性。
