The attributable risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to ambient fine particulate pollution among older adults.

BACKGROUND

The linkage between ambient fine particle pollution (PM) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the attributable risk remained largely unknown. This study determined the cross-sectional association between ambient PM and prevalence of COPD among adults ≥50 years of age.

METHODS

We surveyed 29,290 participants aged 50 years and above in this study. The annual average concentrations of PM derived from satellite data were used as the exposure indicator. A mixed effect model was applied to determine the associations and the burden of COPD attributable to PM RESULTS: Among the participants, 1872 (6.39%) were classified as COPD cases. Our analysis observed a threshold concentration of 30 μg/m in the PM-COPD association, above which we found a linear positive exposure-response association between ambient PM and COPD. The odds ratio (OR) for each 10 μg/m increase in ambient PM was 1.21(95% CI: 1.13, 1.30). Stratified analyses suggested that males, older subjects (65 years and older) and those with lower education attainment might be the vulnerable subpopulations. We further estimated that about 13.79% (95% CI: 7.82%, 21.62%) of the COPD cases could be attributable to PM levels higher than 30 μg/m in the study population.

CONCLUSION

Our analysis indicates that ambient PM exposure could increase the risk of COPD and accounts for a substantial fraction of COPD among the study population.