Windsor P A, Nampanya S, Putthana V, Keonam K, Johnson K, Bush R D, Khounsy S
The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Vet Parasitol. 2018 Feb 15;251:95-100. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.12.025. Epub 2018 Jan 5.
Progressing economic development in Southeast Asia has increased regional demand for goat meat, leading to expanding production by smallholders and recently, development of commercial farms. In Laos, an emerging export market for goats into Vietnam has led to increased goat numbers, with potential increases in risk of disease, particularly endoparasitism. A cross-sectional survey investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in indigenous Kambing-Katjang goats on smallholder farms (n = 389) in 8 villages where no anthelmintic treatments were in use, providing comparisons with a case study of imported Boer crossbred goats (n = 45) on a commercial farm where intensive anthelmintic treatments were required to manage mortalities attributable to Haemonchosis. Clinical examinations, collection of faecal samples, and pathological examination on the commercial farm, accompanied collection of information on animal gender, age and body weight, with data analyses performed in Genstat. Faecal samples contained eggs of multiple endoparasitic species, with Strongyles spp. and coccidian oocysts of Eimeria spp. most prevalent. Significant associations between the presence of endoparasites and the farm type (smallholder versus commercial; p < 0.008 and 0.001) were observed, with the odds ratios of the commercial farm having Stronglyes spp. and Eimeria spp. of 1.3 (CI = 0.6-2.9) and 4.8 (CI = 2.5-9.1). Mortalities from endoparasitism were only recorded at the commercial farm, with the loss of 24 goats in the final 3 months of the dry season (Feb-April). This study identified a moderate prevalence of multiple endoparasitic species in smallholder goat farms that appeared well-tolerated, whereas in the developing commercial system, endoparasites posed significant risks to enterprise viability, even with use of anthelmintics. Further studies on endoparasite control are required if commercial tropical goat meat production is to prove sustainable and assist in addressing regional food security, plus provide a pathway to improve the livelihoods of Lao goat smallholders seeking to expand and intensify their enterprises.
东南亚经济的不断发展增加了该地区对山羊肉的需求，促使小农户扩大生产，最近商业养殖场也得以发展。在老挝，山羊对越南的新兴出口市场导致山羊数量增加，疾病风险，尤其是体内寄生虫感染风险可能随之上升。一项横断面调查研究了8个村庄小农户饲养的本地坎宾-卡特江山羊（n = 389）胃肠道寄生虫的感染率，这些村庄未使用驱虫药，并与一个商业养殖场引进的波尔杂交山羊（n = 45）的案例研究进行了比较，该商业养殖场需要进行密集驱虫治疗以控制因血矛线虫病导致的死亡。在商业养殖场进行临床检查、采集粪便样本和病理检查，并收集动物性别、年龄和体重信息，数据分析在Genstat软件中进行。粪便样本中含有多种体内寄生虫的虫卵，其中圆线虫属和艾美耳球虫的球虫卵囊最为常见。观察到体内寄生虫的存在与养殖场类型（小农户与商业养殖场）之间存在显著关联（p < 0.008和0.001），商业养殖场感染圆线虫属和艾美耳球虫的优势比分别为1.3（CI = 0.6 - 2.9）和4.8（CI = 2.5 - 9.1）。仅在商业养殖场记录到因体内寄生虫感染导致的死亡情况，旱季最后三个月（2月至4月）有24只山羊死亡。该研究发现小农户山羊养殖场多种体内寄生虫的感染率中等，山羊似乎耐受性良好，而在发展中的商业养殖系统中，即使使用了驱虫药，体内寄生虫对企业生存能力仍构成重大风险。如果热带地区商业山羊肉生产要实现可持续发展并有助于解决区域粮食安全问题，同时为寻求扩大和强化企业的老挝山羊小农户提供改善生计的途径，则需要进一步开展体内寄生虫控制研究。
