Sungpradit Sivapong, Leesombun Arpron, Chanakarn Chanokporn, Nakthong Chowalit, Boonmasawai Sookruetai
Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Nathom Subdistrict Municipality, 299 Nathom Subdistrict, Mueang District, Phatthalung, 93000, Thailand.
BMC Vet Res. 2025 Jul 26;21(1):491. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04951-1.
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effects of methanolic extracts from Areca catechu seeds and Piper betle leaves and their combined mixture against adult Haemonchus spp. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was performed to identify the constituent compounds. Adult worm motility was evaluated along with inhibition percentages at varying concentrations and time points and subsequently compared to controls. The ultrastructural changes were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05, and the median effective concentration (EC) values were determined.
The combined methanolic extracts of A. catechu and P. betle at 5% concentration significantly inhibited the motility of adult female and male Haemonchus within 15 min in vitro. The analysis revealed 58 phytochemicals, including hydroxychavicol (45.66%), eugenol (13.66%), allylpyrocatechol diacetate (8.13%), acetyleugenol (6.16%), isoeugenyl acetate (5.45%), γ-muurolene (3.03%), and arecoline (2.73%) as the major components in combined extract. These herbal extracts affect the anthelmintic vitality, evidently through inducing the cuticular damage and leakage of biological substances through cuticular fissures by SEM.
The study results indicate that the methanolic extracts possess significant ability to inhibit the nematode motility and the morphological destruction caused the leakage of internal substances from circular furrows between the cuticular annuli. The cuticular damage along the entire body after the plant exposure, likely contributed to worm mortality. Taken together, these herbal effects warrant further investigation for controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections in livestock.
本研究旨在评估槟榔种子和蒌叶的甲醇提取物及其混合混合物对成年血矛线虫的体外驱虫效果。对提取物进行了植物化学分析以鉴定其组成化合物。评估了成虫的活力以及不同浓度和时间点的抑制百分比，随后与对照组进行比较。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查超微结构变化。在p < 0.05时确定统计学显著性，并确定半数有效浓度（EC）值。
5%浓度的槟榔和蒌叶甲醇混合提取物在体外15分钟内显著抑制成年雌性和雄性血矛线虫的活力。分析显示58种植物化学物质，包括羟基查耳酮（45.66%）、丁香酚（13.66%）、烯丙基邻苯二酚二乙酸酯（8.13%）、乙酰丁香酚（6.16%）、异丁香酚乙酸酯（5.45%）、γ-穆罗勒烯（3.03%）和槟榔碱（2.73%）为混合提取物中的主要成分。这些草药提取物影响驱虫活力，显然是通过扫描电子显微镜观察到的诱导表皮损伤和生物物质通过表皮裂缝泄漏。
研究结果表明，甲醇提取物具有显著抑制线虫活力的能力，且形态破坏导致表皮环之间圆形沟内的内部物质泄漏。植物暴露后全身的表皮损伤可能导致了蠕虫死亡。综上所述，这些草药的效果值得进一步研究以控制家畜胃肠道线虫感染。
