Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands.
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands.
Waste Manag. 2018 May;75:407-414. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
A novel, regulatory accepted approach is developed that enables competent authorities to decide whether landfill aftercare can be reduced or terminated. Our previous paper (Brand et al., Waste Management 2016, 56, 255-261, https://doi.org//10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.038) outlines the general approach, that consists of a 10-year treatment phase (e.g., aeration, leachate recirculation), in combination with site-specific Environmental Protection Criteria (EPC) for contaminant concentrations in the landfill leachate after treatment. The current paper presents the unique modelling approach by which the site-specific EPC are derived. The modelling approach is based on the use of mechanistic multi-surface geochemical models covering the main sorption processes in soils underneath the landfills, and is composed of widely-accepted surface complexation models in combination with published "generic" parameter sets. This approach enables the consideration of the main site-specific soil properties that influence the attenuation of emitted contaminants. In addition, the sensitivity of the EPC is shown for variation of the main physicochemical-assumptions and policy-based decisions. Site-specific soil properties have been found to substantially determine the EPC and include soil-pH, dissolved organic matter, and iron-(hydr)oxide content. Apart from the sorption capacity of the local soil, EPC also depend strongly on the assumed dilution with local groundwater in the saturated zone. An important policy-related decision that influences the calculated EPC is the assessment period during which the groundwater is protected. The transparent setup of the approach using geochemical modelling, the explicit consideration of site-specific properties and the achieved regulatory acceptance may also stimulate application to landfills in other countries.
开发了一种新颖的、经监管部门认可的方法，使主管部门能够决定是否可以减少或终止垃圾填埋场的后期维护。我们之前的论文（Brand 等人，《废物管理》2016 年，56 期，255-261 页，https://doi.org//10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.038）概述了一般方法，该方法包括 10 年的处理阶段（例如，曝气、渗滤液再循环），并结合特定于场地的环境保护标准（EPC），用于处理后的垃圾渗滤液中的污染物浓度。本文介绍了用于推导特定于场地的 EPC 的独特建模方法。该建模方法基于使用涵盖垃圾填埋场下方土壤中主要吸附过程的多表面地球化学机制模型，并且由广泛接受的表面络合模型与已发表的“通用”参数集相结合组成。这种方法能够考虑影响污染物衰减的主要场地特定土壤特性。此外，还展示了 EPC 对主要物理化学假设和基于政策的决策变化的敏感性。已发现特定于场地的土壤特性会极大地确定 EPC，包括土壤 pH 值、溶解有机物和铁（氢）氧化物含量。除了当地土壤的吸附能力外，EPC 还强烈依赖于假定的与饱和区当地地下水的稀释。影响计算得出的 EPC 的一个重要政策相关决策是在地下水受到保护的评估期。使用地球化学建模的方法具有透明的设置、明确考虑特定于场地的特性以及达到的监管部门认可，也可能刺激该方法在其他国家的垃圾填埋场中的应用。
