Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health and Social Services, New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, USA.
Project Concern International, San Diego, CA, 92105, USA.
J Community Health. 2018 Aug;43(4):705-716. doi: 10.1007/s10900-018-0474-4.
Maternal Zika virus infection (ZIKV) has serious health consequences for unborn offspring. Knowledge about prevention is critical to reducing risk, yet what women in the high-risk US-Mexico border region know about protecting themselves and their babies from ZIKV is mostly unknown. This study aimed to assess knowledge of ZIKV among pregnant and inter-conception women and to identify sources of information that might address knowledge gaps. Clients in five federally-funded, border region Healthy Start programs (N = 326) were interviewed in late 2016 about their knowledge of ZIKV prevention methods and whether they believed themselves or their babies to be at risk. Sources of information about ZIKV and demographic characteristics were also measured. Chi square tests identified important associations between variables; adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals for knowledge and beliefs were calculated. Among the 305 women aware of ZIKV, 69.5% could name two ways to prevent infection. Only 16.1% of women named using condoms or abstaining from sex as a prevention method. While 75.3% heard about ZIKV first from TV/radio, just 9.5% found the information helpful. Women who received helpful information from health care providers had greater odds of knowing two prevention methods (AOR = 2.0; 1.1-3.7), when to test for ZIKV (AOR = 5.2; 2.1-13.2), and how long to delay pregnancy after infection in a male partner (AOR = 1.9; 1.1-3.2). Those who said web-based and social media sources were helpful had greater odds of knowing when to test for ZIKV (AOR = 2.8; 1.3-6.3). Results can inform messaging for safe pregnancy and ZIKV prevention.
母体寨卡病毒感染（ZIKV）会对胎儿后代的健康造成严重后果。了解预防措施对于降低风险至关重要，但高风险的美国-墨西哥边境地区的女性对保护自己和婴儿免受 ZIKV 感染的了解却知之甚少。本研究旨在评估孕妇和备孕妇女对 ZIKV 的认知，并确定可能解决知识差距的信息来源。2016 年末，在五个联邦资助的边境地区健康起跑（Healthy Start）项目中，对 326 名客户进行了有关 ZIKV 预防方法的知识和是否认为自己或婴儿有感染风险的采访。还测量了有关 ZIKV 的信息来源和人口统计学特征。卡方检验确定了变量之间的重要关联；计算了知识和信念的调整后比值比（AOR）和 95%置信区间。在 305 名知晓 ZIKV 的女性中，69.5%能够说出两种预防感染的方法。只有 16.1%的女性将使用避孕套或避免性行为作为预防方法。虽然 75.3%的人首先从电视/广播中了解寨卡病毒，但只有 9.5%的人认为该信息有用。从医疗保健提供者那里获得有用信息的女性更有可能了解两种预防方法（AOR=2.0；1.1-3.7）、何时进行 ZIKV 检测（AOR=5.2；2.1-13.2）以及男性伴侣感染后应延迟多久怀孕（AOR=1.9；1.1-3.2）。那些表示网络和社交媒体来源有用的人更有可能知道何时进行 ZIKV 检测（AOR=2.8；1.3-6.3）。结果可以为安全怀孕和 ZIKV 预防提供信息。
