Haleem A M, Chu C R
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Oper Tech Orthop. 2010 Jun;20(2):76-89. doi: 10.1053/j.oto.2009.10.004.
The limited repair potential of human articular cartilage contributes to development of debilitating osteoarthritis and remains a great clinical challenge. This has led to evolution of cartilage treatment strategies from palliative to either reconstructive or reparative methods in an attempt to delay or "bridge the gap" to joint replacement. Further development of tissue engineering-based cartilage repair methods have been pursued to provide a more functional biological tissue. Currently, tissue engineering of articular cartilage has three cornerstones; a cell population capable of proliferation and differentiation into mature chondrocytes, a scaffold that can host these cells, provide a suitable environment for cellular functioning and serve as a sustained-release delivery vehicle of chondrogenic growth factors and thirdly, signaling molecules and growth factors that stimulate the cellular response and the production of a hyaline extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of this review is to summarize advances in each of these three fields of tissue engineering with specific relevance to surgical techniques and technical notes.
人类关节软骨有限的修复潜力会导致使人衰弱的骨关节炎的发展，这仍然是一个巨大的临床挑战。这促使软骨治疗策略从姑息性方法演变为重建或修复方法，试图延迟或“填补差距”直至进行关节置换。人们一直在寻求进一步发展基于组织工程的软骨修复方法，以提供更具功能的生物组织。目前，关节软骨组织工程有三个基石：能够增殖并分化为成熟软骨细胞的细胞群体、可以容纳这些细胞、为细胞功能提供合适环境并作为软骨生成生长因子缓释载体的支架，以及刺激细胞反应和透明细胞外基质（ECM）产生的信号分子和生长因子。本综述的目的是总结组织工程这三个领域中的进展，并特别提及手术技术和技术要点。
