Institute of Psychology und Cognition Research, University of Bremen, Grazerstr. 4, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
Institute for Interdisciplinary Addiction and Drug Research, Lokstedter Weg 24, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
J Gambl Stud. 2018 Sep;34(3):929-947. doi: 10.1007/s10899-018-9755-1.
As technology has developed, the international gambling market has changed markedly in recent years. The supply of internet-based gambling opportunities has become ever more significant. At the same time, the introduction of new gambling opportunities always brings a demand for evidence-based scientific evaluation, with regard to the associated risks of addiction. Simulated internet gambling, which is the focus of this study, represents a relatively new product group located at the interface between gambling and computer gaming. Concerns have been raised in scientific literature, especially with regard to the adolescent age group, as to whether participation in simulated internet gambling directly promotes recruitment to the world of monetary gambling, as defined in the gateway hypothesis. The research design was based on a standardized, representative longitudinal survey (over a 1-year period) with a total of 1178 school pupils from Northern Germany (M = 13.6 years; 47.5% male). It must be borne in mind that 12% of the adolescents belonged to the subgroup of "onset gamblers" and first reported experience with monetary gambling at the second stage of surveying. Logistic regression analysis demonstrates that this migration process is fostered by (1) participation from home in simulated gambling on social networks and (2) significant exposure to advertising (relating to both simulated and monetary gambling). Within the subgroup of simulated internet gamblers, variables such as particular patterns of use (including breadth and depth of involvement with simulated internet gambling, certain motives for participation, and microtransactions) do not serve as significant predictors. Despite this, important needs for action for the purposes of prevention and research can be identified.
随着科技的发展，近年来国际博彩市场发生了显著变化。基于互联网的博彩机会供应变得越来越重要。与此同时，新的博彩机会的引入总是需要基于证据的科学评估，以了解成瘾的相关风险。本研究的重点是模拟互联网赌博，它是赌博和电脑游戏之间的一个相对较新的产品群体。科学界特别对青少年群体表示关注，因为参与模拟互联网赌博是否会直接促进人们进入货币赌博的世界，这符合“门户假说”。研究设计基于一项标准化的、具有代表性的纵向调查（为期 1 年），共有来自德国北部的 1178 名学生参与（M=13.6 岁；47.5%为男性）。必须注意的是，12%的青少年属于“发病赌徒”亚组，他们在调查的第二阶段首次报告了货币赌博的经历。逻辑回归分析表明，这种迁移过程受到以下因素的推动：（1）家庭中参与社交网络上的模拟赌博，以及（2）大量接触广告（包括模拟赌博和货币赌博相关的广告）。在模拟互联网赌博者的亚组中，某些使用模式（包括对模拟互联网赌博的广度和深度参与、参与的某些动机以及微交易）等变量并不能作为显著的预测因素。尽管如此，仍可以为预防和研究确定重要的行动需求。
