有多少人被狗咬过？一项在英国社区进行的关于狗咬伤的患病率、发病率及相关因素的横断面调查。
How many people have been bitten by dogs? A cross-sectional survey of prevalence, incidence and factors associated with dog bites in a UK community.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK.
Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK.
出版信息
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2018 Apr;72(4):331-336. doi: 10.1136/jech-2017-209330. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
BACKGROUND
Dog bite studies are typically based on hospital records and may be biased towards bites requiring significant medical treatment. This study investigated true dog bite prevalence and incidence at a community-level and victim-related risk factors, in order to inform policy and prevention.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of a community of 1280 households in Cheshire, UK, surveyed 694 respondents in 385 households. Data included dog ownership and bite history, demographics, health and personality (Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) brief measure). Multivariable logistic regression modelled risk factors for having ever been bitten by a dog, accounting for clustering of individuals within households.
RESULTS
A quarter of participants (24.78%, 95% CI 21.72 to 28.13) reported having ever been bitten by a dog during their lifetime, with only a third of bites described requiring further medical treatment and 0.6% hospital admission. Incidence of dog bites was 18.7 (11.0-31.8) per 1000 population per year. Males were 1.81 times more likely to have been bitten in their lifetime than females (95% CI 1.20 to 2.72, P=0.005). Current owners of multiple dogs were 3.3 times more likely (95% CI 1.13 to 9.69, P=0.03) to report having been bitten than people not currently owning a dog. Regarding all bites described, most commonly people were bitten by a dog that they had never met before the incident (54.7%). Individuals scoring higher in emotional stability had a lower risk of having ever been bitten (OR=0.77 for 1 point change in scale between 1 and 7, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.9, P=0.001).
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that the real burden of dog bites is considerably larger than those estimated from hospital records. Further, many bites do not require medical treatment and hospital-based bite data are not representative of bites within the wider population. Victim personality requires further investigation and potential consideration in the design of bite prevention schemes.
背景
犬咬伤研究通常基于医院记录，可能偏向于需要大量医疗治疗的咬伤。本研究旨在调查社区层面和与受害者相关的犬咬伤真实流行率和发生率，并确定相关风险因素，为政策制定和预防措施提供信息。
方法
对英国柴郡一个拥有 1280 户家庭的社区进行横断面研究，对 385 户家庭中的 694 位受访者进行调查。数据包括犬只拥有情况和咬伤史、人口统计学特征、健康状况和人格（简短的 10 项人格量表（TIPI））。采用多变量逻辑回归模型分析曾被犬咬伤的个体风险因素，同时考虑到个体在家庭内的聚集情况。
结果
四分之一的参与者（24.78%，95%置信区间 21.72 至 28.13）报告称在其一生中曾被犬咬伤，只有三分之一的咬伤需要进一步的医疗治疗，0.6%需要住院治疗。犬咬伤的发生率为每年每 1000 人口 18.7（11.0-31.8）例。男性一生中被咬伤的可能性是女性的 1.81 倍（95%置信区间 1.20 至 2.72，P=0.005）。目前拥有多只犬的人报告称曾被咬伤的可能性是目前不养狗的人的 3.3 倍（95%置信区间 1.13 至 9.69，P=0.03）。对于所有描述的咬伤，最常见的是被他们之前从未见过的犬咬伤（54.7%）。在情绪稳定性方面得分较高的个体，曾被咬伤的风险较低（评分每增加 1 分，OR=0.77，95%置信区间 0.66 至 0.9，P=0.001）。
结论
本研究表明，犬咬伤的实际负担比医院记录估计的要大得多。此外，许多咬伤不需要治疗，而基于医院的咬伤数据并不能代表更广泛人群中的咬伤情况。受害者的人格特征需要进一步研究，并可能需要在咬伤预防计划的设计中加以考虑。
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