Tolkmitt F J, Scherer K R
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1986 Aug;12(3):302-13. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.12.3.302.
In a factorially designed experiment the factors Mode of Stress (cognitive vs. emotional) and Degree of Stress (low vs. high) were studied in their effect on phonatory and articulatory processes during speech production in groups of male and female students (factor Sex) selected to represent three types of personality (factor Coping Style: low anxiety, high anxiety, anxiety denying). Using digital speech analysis procedures, mean F0, F0 floor, formant location, and spectral energy distribution were extracted from the experimental speech samples. Although mean F0 did not covary with stress manipulation, F0 floor of high-anxious and anxiety-denying subjects increased with stress, probably due to physiologically based changes in muscle tension. For articulatory processes, as measured through formant location and spectral composition, significant changes were found for females. For anxiety-denying female subjects, precision of articulation increased under cognitive stress and decreased under emotional stress. The results are interpreted in terms of differential susceptibility to stress.
在一项析因设计实验中，研究了应激模式（认知性应激与情绪性应激）和应激程度（低应激与高应激）对被选为代表三种人格类型（应对方式因素：低焦虑、高焦虑、否认焦虑）的男女学生组在言语产生过程中发声和发音过程的影响。使用数字语音分析程序，从实验语音样本中提取平均基频、基频下限、共振峰位置和频谱能量分布。尽管平均基频与应激操作没有协变关系，但高焦虑和否认焦虑的受试者的基频下限随应激增加，这可能是由于基于生理的肌肉张力变化所致。对于发音过程，通过共振峰位置和频谱成分测量发现，女性有显著变化。对于否认焦虑的女性受试者，发音准确性在认知应激下提高，在情绪应激下降低。研究结果从对应激的不同易感性角度进行了解释。
