Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut de formation doctorale, 75252 Paris, France.
Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2018 Feb;50:27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.01.007. Epub 2018 Feb 10.
Cytokinesis is the process by which a mother cell is physically cleaved into two daughter cells. In animal cells, cytokinesis begins with the contraction of a plasma membrane-associated actomyosin ring that is responsible for the ingression of a cleavage furrow. However, the post-furrowing steps of cytokinesis are less understood. Here, we highlight key recent findings that reveal a profound remodeling of several classes of cytoskeletal elements and cytoplasmic filaments (septins, microtubules, actin and ESCRT) in the late steps of cytokinesis. We review how this remodeling is required first for the stabilization of the intercellular bridge connecting the daughter cells and then for the steps leading up to abscission. New players regulating the abscission (NoCut) checkpoint, which delays abscission via cytoskeleton and ESCRT remodeling in response to various cytokinetic stresses, will also be emphasized. Altogether, the latest discoveries reveal a crucial role for posttranslational modifications of the cytoskeleton (actin oxidation, septin SUMOylation) and an unexpected requirement of ESCRT-III polymer dynamics for successful abscission.
细胞分裂是母细胞通过物理分裂成两个子细胞的过程。在动物细胞中，细胞分裂始于细胞膜相关的肌动球蛋白环的收缩，该环负责形成分裂沟。然而，细胞分裂的后期步骤还不太清楚。在这里，我们重点介绍了最近的一些关键发现，这些发现揭示了细胞分裂后期几个细胞骨架元素和细胞质丝（隔蛋白、微管、肌动蛋白和 ESCRT）的深刻重塑。我们回顾了这种重塑是如何首先稳定连接两个子细胞的细胞间桥，然后又是如何促进分离前的步骤。我们还将强调调节分离（NoCut）检查点的新参与者，该检查点通过细胞骨架和 ESCRT 重塑来延迟分离，以响应各种细胞分裂应激。总之，最新的发现揭示了细胞骨架的翻译后修饰（肌动蛋白氧化、隔蛋白 SUMO 化）和 ESCRT-III 聚合物动力学对成功分离的意外需求的关键作用。
