Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France.
Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France.
Curr Biol. 2018 Apr 23;28(8):R458-R470. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.019.
Cells don't simply separate at cytokinesis. While furrow contraction critically relies on myosin-II and F-actin, post-furrowing steps are less understood but involve the constriction of ESCRT-III polymer-dependent helices on the side of the midbody, which likely drive final abscission. The first evidence that animal cell cytokinesis requires membrane traffic, as in plant cells, was provided about 15 years ago. Since then, it has become increasingly clear that fusion of vesicles to the cytokinetic furrow is essential in large embryonic cells, and that membrane traffic within the intercellular bridge is crucial for its stability and successful abscission in all animal cells. Here, we review our current knowledge of the secretory and endocytic recycling pathways involved in cytokinesis, and how vesicles defined by specific Rab and Arf GTPases are targeted and fused to the membrane of the intercellular bridge thanks to different molecular motors, tethering complexes and SNARE machineries. At the functional level, we will describe how membrane traffic can remodel both phosphoinositide lipids and promote F-actin clearance necessary for ESCRT-III-dependent abscission, and identify key unanswered questions in the field. We will finally review recent evidence showing a tight coupling between membrane traffic and cytokinesis in complex processes, such as during the establishment of de novo apico-basal polarity.
细胞在胞质分裂时不仅仅是简单地分离。虽然沟收缩严重依赖肌球蛋白-II 和 F-肌动蛋白，但后沟步骤的理解较少，但涉及 ESCRT-III 聚合物依赖性螺旋在中体侧面的收缩，这可能驱动最终的分离。大约 15 年前，提供了第一个证据表明动物细胞胞质分裂需要膜运输，就像在植物细胞中一样。从那时起，越来越明显的是，在大型胚胎细胞中，囊泡融合到胞质分裂沟是必不可少的，并且在所有动物细胞中，细胞间桥内的膜运输对于其稳定性和成功分离至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前对参与胞质分裂的分泌和内吞再循环途径的了解，以及特定 Rab 和 Arf GTPases 定义的囊泡如何通过不同的分子马达、连接复合物和 SNARE 机制靶向和融合到细胞间桥的膜上。在功能水平上，我们将描述膜运输如何重塑磷酸肌醇脂质并促进 ESCRT-III 依赖性分离所需的 F-肌动蛋白清除，并确定该领域的关键未解决问题。我们将最后回顾最近的证据，表明在复杂过程中，例如在新建立的顶底极性过程中，膜运输和胞质分裂之间存在紧密的耦合。
