双乙酰暴露人群的肺功能损害与风险评估：微波爆米花工人。
Pulmonary Impairment and Risk Assessment in a Diacetyl-Exposed Population: Microwave Popcorn Workers.
机构信息
Risk Evaluation Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio.
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2018 Jun;60(6):496-506. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001303.
OBJECTIVES
The butter flavoring additive, diacetyl (DA), can cause bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) by inhalation. A risk assessment was performed using data from a microwave popcorn manufacturing plant.
METHODS
Current employees' medical history and pulmonary function tests together with air sampling over a 2.7-year period were used to analyze forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC). The exposure responses for declining pulmonary function and for possible early onset of BO were estimated using multiple regression methods. Several exposure metrics were investigated; benchmark dose and excess lifetime risk of impairment were calculated.
RESULTS
Forty-six percent of the population had less than 6 months exposure to DA. Percent-of-predicted FEV1 declined with cumulative exposure (0.40 per ppm-yr, P < 10) as did percent FEV1/FVC (0.13 per ppm-yr, P = 0.0004). Lifetime respiratory impairment prevalence of one per thousand resulted from 0.005 ppm DA and one per thousand lifetime incidence of impairment was predicted for 0.002 ppm DA.
CONCLUSION
DA exposures, often exceeding 1 ppm in the past, place workers at high risk of pulmonary impairment.
目的
食用香料双乙酰（DA）可经吸入引发细支气管闭塞性细支气管炎（BO）。本研究采用微波爆米花生产厂的数据进行风险评估。
方法
使用当前员工的病史和肺功能检测数据，以及为期 2.7 年的空气采样结果，分析了用力呼气量（FEV1）和 FEV1/用力肺活量（FVC）。采用多元回归方法分析了肺功能下降和 BO 早期发病的暴露反应。研究了几种暴露指标；计算了基准剂量和损伤的终生超额风险。
结果
人群中 46%的人接触 DA 的时间少于 6 个月。与累积暴露量（每 ppm-yr 0.40，P<10）相关的预计 FEV1 百分比下降，FEV1/FVC 百分比也呈下降趋势（每 ppm-yr 0.13，P=0.0004）。DA 浓度为 0.005 ppm 时，预计每千人中会有 1 人出现呼吸功能损伤，而 DA 浓度为 0.002 ppm 时，预计每千人中会有 1 人在一生中出现呼吸功能损伤。
结论
过去，DA 的暴露量通常超过 1 ppm，这使工人面临肺部损伤的高风险。
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